Miktoarm star polymers exhibit a captivating range of physicochemical properties, setting them apart from their linear counterparts. This study devised a synthetic pathway to synthesize cationic miktoarm stars utilizing polypept(o)ides (PeptoMiktoStars), comprising 3 or 6 polysarcosine (pSar) arms (AB_3×100, AB_6×50, overall 300) for shielding and a cross-linkable poly(S-ethylsulfonyl-l-homocysteine) (pHcy(SO₂Et)₂₀) block and a poly(l-lysine) ((pLys)₂₀) block for nucleic acid complexation. Precise control over the DP_n and narrow molecular weight distributions (D̵ ≈ 1.2) were achieved for both structures. Both PeptoMiktoStars efficiently complexed mRNA and pDNA into polyion complex micelles (PICMs). AB₆-PICMs provided modest (mRNA) to high (pDNA) stability against glutathione and heparin sulfate (HS), while even cross-linked AB₃-PICMs were susceptible to HS. All PICMs delivered pDNA and mRNA into D1 cells (over 80%) and Jurkat T cells (over 50%) in vitro. Despite payload- and cell-dependency, AB₃ showed overall higher transfection efficiency, while AB₆ demonstrated better shielding and enhanced stability.

01 Sep 2023·Environmental Research

Sustainable, economical and rapid treatment of multiple lung diseases using therapeutic potential of curcumin nanoparticles

Article

Author: Iqbal, Munawar ; Nazir, Arif ; Anwar, Aneela ; Shahid, Samiah ; Yasir, Muhammad ; Kanwal, Qudsia ; Alshawwa, Samar Z ; Ahmad, Abeel

The study was designed to prepare pure curcumin nanoparticles in rapid and simple way for target specific drug delivery to kill bacteria lying deep down within the alveoli of lungs via inhaler. Three different methods including evaporation precipitation of nanosuspension (ENP), solid dispersion (SD) and anti-solvent precipitation (ASP) were selected to prepare nanocurcumin in pure form in very simple way. This was done to compare their efficiency in terms of particle size obtained and water solubility and bacterial toxicity of as prepared curcumin nanoparticles. In this comparative study, curcumin NPs obtained from three different methods having particles size 65.3 nm, 98.7 nm and 47.4 nm respectively. The NPs were characterized using various techniques like SEM, XRD, UV-Visible and FTIR for their particle size determination and solubility evaluation. These particles were screened off against five bacterial strains causing lung diseases. AB₃ prepared by ASP method, being smallest sized nanostructures, showed maximum solubility in water. These nanoparticles can be used as drug directly via inhaler to the target area without using any support or nano-carrier. In this way minimum dose formulation is required to target bacteria.

01 Jun 2022·Arthroscopy, Sports Medicine, and Rehabilitation

Bipolar Radiofrequency Ablation Does Not Result in Full-Thickness Articular Cartilage Penetration: An Ex Vivo Bovine Investigation

Article

Author: Friedman, Darren J ; Krupp, Maxwell J ; Matuska, Andrea M ; Khoury, Anthony N

PurposeTo evaluate the depth of penetration of manufacturer-recommended bipolar radiofrequency (BRF) output in healthy hyaline cartilage.MethodsTwo matched knees from a bovine specimen were harvested for immediate testing. BRF probes were used to treat the articular cartilage in a hydrated noncontact technique employing a 1-mm spacer on patellar, condylar, and trochlear surfaces. Two manufacturer-recommended ablate power settings were evaluated to analyze the effect of varying power outputs on the depth of penetration. Surfaces were randomized and treated with BRF ablate setting 3 (AB-3), 4 (AB-4), or left untreated as a control (12 grids each). Slices were extracted from treatment zones and subjected to fluorescein diacetate and propidium iodide viability stains and analyzed with confocal light microscopy. A general linear model was used to determine whether variables such as ablation setting, cartilage location, and side significantly influenced depth of penetration (DoP) and cartilage thickness (Minitab 19, Chicago, IL). When significance was noted (P < .05), a post hoc-Tukey test was used to investigate specific differences.ResultsAB-3 had a 50.9% lower mean DoP than AB-4 (P = .006). The mean DoP was 237.9 ± 140.6 μm for AB-3 and 484.1 ± 267.0 μm for AB-4. Median DoP values were 243.2 ± 149.5 μm for AB-3, 51.2% lower than the 498.4 ± 286.0 μm for AB-4. The mean maximum DoP for AB-3 was 302.4 ± 167.8 μm, 50.6% lower than AB-4 value of 611.6 ± 299.1 μm. Analysis of the cartilage thickness confirmed there was no difference in overall cartilage thickness used for AB-3 versus AB-4 testing (P = .953).ConclusionsThe RF probe ablate power setting AB-3 demonstrated significantly less articular cartilage depth of penetration than the AB-4 setting in a healthy bovine model.Clinical RelevanceDebridement of chondral lesions with plasma BRF is of clinical interest. The presented study adds basic science information for those considering performing this technique.

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Indication	Highest Phase	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Solid tumor	Preclinical	US	AKSO Biopharmaceutical, Inc.	10 Feb 2022

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