Acetylcysteine lysinate

The impact of the isoxazole derivative of usnic acid, ISOXUS (formerly known as 2b) on cancer and non-cancerous cell metabolism was investigated. ISOXUS significantly reduced the utilisation of most metabolic substrates that produce NADH or FADH2, mitochondrial electron flow and oxygen consumption rate (OCR) in MCF-7 breast cancer cells in contrast to HB2 normal epithelial cells. Molecular docking revealed that ISOXUS inhibits mitochondrial respiratory chain complex II, which was confirmed experimentally. Disturbance of electron flow in MCF-7 cells resulted in increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. They appeared crucial for ISOXUS-induced cancer cell vacuolization and a drop in survival as an antioxidant, α-tocopherol, protected against these processes. These findings indicate that ISOXUS is a metabolic inhibitor that targets mitochondrial complex II in breast cancer cells resulting in diminished ATP production and increased ROS formation which translates into reduced cell viability.

In recent years, researchers have shown great interest in intelligent electrochemical interfaces due to their potential applications. This work addresses the challenge of integrating multiple stimuli‐responsive properties while maintaining a robust electrochemical response. In this work, graphdiyne (GDY) is loaded on glassy carbon electrode (GCE) by dropping method to obtain the GDY/GCE layer. Copper hexacyanoferrate (CuHCF) is then electrodeposited onto the GDY/GCE, creating a catalytic layer for N‐acetylcysteine (NAC). The stimuli‐responsive hydrogel poly(N,N‐diethylacrylamide) (PDEA) is applied on the catalytic layer surface via drop‐coating. This configuration facilitated reversible electrochemical responses to changes in temperature, electrolyte composition, and pH levels. By analyzing peak current differences and corresponding potential changes, a type of logic gate is successfully simulated, including a 4‐input/7‐output logic gate and a three‐state logic gate. This novel approach significantly advanced the construction of electrochemical pharmaceutical logic gates.