A catalytic protocol for the enantio- and diastereoselective reduction of α-substituted-β-keto carbonitriles is described. The reaction involves a DKR-ATH process with the simultaneous construction of β-hydroxy carbonitrile scaffolds with two contiguous stereogenic centers. A wide range of α-substituted-β-keto carbonitriles were obtained in high yields (94%-98%) and excellent enantio- and diastereoselectivities (up to >99% ee, up to >99:1 dr). The origin of the diastereoselectivity was also rationalized by DFT calculations. Furthermore, this methodology offers rapid access to the pharmaceutical intermediates of Ipenoxazone and Tapentadol.

01 Aug 2004·Acta Oto-Laryngologica

Effect of a glutamate blocker, ipenoxazone hydrochloride on the hypoxia-induced firing in the medial vestibular nucleus

Article

Author: Hosoi, Hiroshi ; Okamoto, Hideyuki ; Yamanaka, Toshiaki ; Inoue, Shino

To elucidate the effectiveness of the drug in the treatment of vertebrobasilar insufficiency (VBI), we performed an electrophysiological study to examine the effects of ipenoxazone hydrochloride, a glutamate blocker, on hypoxia-induced firing in the medial vestibular nucleus (MVN) neuron, using alpha-chloralose-anesthetized cats. The single neuronal activity of the MVN was recorded extracellularly with a glass-insulated silver wire microelectrode attached along a seven-barrel micropipette. The firing rate of MVN neurons showed a transient increase [hypoxic depolarization (HD)] during 5% O(2) inhalation, followed by a gradual decrease and disappearance. HD and the time to disappearance of firing induced by hypoxia were inhibited by iontophoretic application of ipenoxazone hydrochloride. These results suggest that ipenoxazone hydrochloride protects against hypoxic neuronal dysfunction, and may be an effective drug for vertigo caused by VBI.

01 Dec 2000·Neuroscience LettersQ4 · MEDICINE

Roles of glutamate receptor subtypes in the development of vestibular compensation after unilateral labyrinthectomy in the guinea pig

Q4 · MEDICINE

Article

Author: Nobuhiko Furuya ; Akiko Kitayama ; Kenji Hirate

We investigated the roles of ionotropic glutamate receptor subtypes in the development and recovery of spontaneous nystagmus (SN) after unilateral labyrinthectomy (UL) in guinea pigs. When administered at 3 h after UL, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and kainate (KA), which are NMDA and non-NMDA receptor agonists, respectively, increased the frequency of SN. The effect of KA was more potent than that of NMDA. In contrast to these agonists, MK-801 and CNQX decreased the frequency of SN. Although the administration of KA at 48 h after UL increased the frequency of SN, it did not exhibit any effects at 72 h after UL. MK-801 caused a recurrence of SN following administration at 48 and 72 h after UL. Neither NMDA nor CNQX exhibited any effects after administration at 48 or 72 h after UL. A newly synthesized compound, NC-1200, which has inhibitory action on the glutamate response, decreased the frequency of SN in a dose-dependent manner following administration at 3 h after UL, but did not exhibit any effects when administered at 48 and 72 h after UL. From these results, it was found that NMDA and non-NMDA receptors play important roles in the development of SN after UL, and that the NMDA receptor contributes to the development of ocular motor compensation.

100 Deals associated with Ipenoxazone

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KEGG	Wiki	ATC	Drug Bank
D09781	-	-	-

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Indication	Highest Phase	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Alzheimer Disease	Phase 2	-	Nippon Chemiphar Co., Ltd.	-
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