Delving into the Latest Updates on Levmetamfetamine with Synapse

Overview

Basic Info

Drug Type

Small molecule drug

Synonyms

Levmetamfetamine (USP/INN), Levomethamphetamine

+ [2]

Target

TAAR1

Action

agonists

Mechanism

TAAR1 agonists(Trace amine-associated receptor 1 agonists)

Therapeutic Areas

Otorhinolaryngologic DiseasesRespiratory Diseases

Active Indication

Nasal Obstruction

Inactive Indication

Cognition Disorders

Originator Organization-

Active Organization-

Inactive Organization

Cognition Pharmaceuticals, LLC

License Organization-

Drug Highest PhaseApproved

First Approval Date-

Regulation-

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Structure/Sequence

Molecular FormulaC10H15N

InChIKeyMYWUZJCMWCOHBA-SECBINFHSA-N

CAS Registry33817-09-3

The intent of this study is to see if the rate that the body breaks down l-methamphetamine (l-MA) could be used as an accurate estimate for the rate that the body breaks down d-methamphetamine (d-MA). l-MA is sold over the counter as a nasal decongestant where as d-MA is the commonly abused form of methamphetamine.

Start Date01 Oct 2008

Sponsor / Collaborator

California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute

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100 Clinical Results associated with Levmetamfetamine

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100 Translational Medicine associated with Levmetamfetamine

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100 Patents (Medical) associated with Levmetamfetamine

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485

Literatures (Medical) associated with Levmetamfetamine

01 Jun 2025·Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior

Monoamine receptors targeted by methamphetamine differentially modulate basal and fentanyl-depressed respiration in mice

Article

Author: Walentiny, D Matthew ; Elder, Harrison J ; Beardsley, Patrick M

RATIONALEFentanyl remains the primary cause of fatal overdoses, and its co-use with methamphetamine is a growing concern. Our lab previously demonstrated that racemic methamphetamine could have either respiratory stimulant or depressant effects depending on dose and separately determined by its enantiomers, dextromethamphetamine, and levomethamphetamine, respectively. Enantiomeric separation of methamphetamine's stimulant and depressant effects indicates that differences in their pharmacology might be exploited to develop novel respiratory stimulants. It is presently unknown which of methamphetamine's monoamine receptor mechanisms mediate these respiratory effects. Thus, systematic evaluation of monoamine receptor-selective agents may identify treatment targets for OIRD.METHODSSix selective agonists at monoamine receptors involved in methamphetamine's activity [phenylephrine (PNE; α₁), clonidine (CLON; α₂), SKF-82958 (SKF; D₁), quinpirole (QPR; D₂-like), 8-OH-DPAT (8-OH; 5HT_1A), and DOI (5HT₂)] were tested in adult male mice to determine their effects on basal and fentanyl-depressed minute volume (MVb; i.e., respiratory frequency x tidal volume) using whole-body plethysmography. Agonists were initially tested at three behaviorally active doses for their effects on basal MVb. Agonists that stimulated respiration or did not decrease respiration were then tested in combination with fentanyl.RESULTSThe α₁ and D₁ agonists PNE and SKF dose-dependently increased basal MVb while the α₂ and D₂-like agonists CLON and QPR depressed basal MVb. Neither serotonin receptor agonist significantly altered basal MVb. Under fentanyl-depressed conditions, SKF produced transient but significant increases in MVb, while PNE more persistently elevated it. Interestingly, DOI transiently elevated depressed MVb, while 8-OH further exacerbated OIRD.CONCLUSIONSSelective activation of monoamine receptors alters basal respiration and OIRD, with D₁ and α₁ receptors representing potential targets as respiratory stimulants, whereas α₂, D₂-like, and 5HT_1A receptors may mediate the exacerbation of OIRD by methamphetamine.

01 Jan 2025·Drug Testing and Analysis

Alternative routine for reporting chiral amphetamine test results in assessment of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder medication: experiences from 2013 to 2023

Article

Author: Villén, Tomas ; Andersson, Annika ; Helander, Anders

AbstractThis study evaluated an alternative routine for reporting urinary chiral amphetamine results in assessment of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) treatment with amphetamine medications and for detecting side‐use of illicit racemic amphetamine. Currently in Sweden, only enantiopure d‐amphetamine‐based ADHD medications (lisdexamphetamine dimesylate and dexamphetamine sulfate) are approved. It is therefore unsuitable to express the chiral result as the l/d‐ratio, as before, because l‐amphetamine should not be present provided treatment compliance. A new routine for LC‐MS/MS chiral amphetamine testing was therefore introduced in 2020, whereby the relative proportion (%) of l‐amphetamine and the total amphetamine and creatinine concentrations are reported. Evaluation of the new routine on 24,354 results from 2013 to 2023 revealed that it was useful to distinguish ADHD medication adherence from illicit drug use as the source for a positive test. The l‐amphetamine proportion also reflected the enantiomeric content of the medications used. Overall, most results confirmed adherence to ADHD medication, as the l‐amphetamine percentage was <1% in 76% of samples (2023) which is the recommended cutoff with enantiopure d‐amphetamine medications. However, in all years, illicit drug use was indicated (>40% l‐amphetamine) in 8.3%–14.5% of cases. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the clinical value and utility of a new routine for reporting urinary chiral amphetamine results to differentiate adherence to ADHD medication from illicit drug use. Unlike the l/d‐amphetamine ratio, it considers differences in total amphetamine concentration and urine dilution, factors that can affect the interpretation.

13 Sep 2024·Organic Letters

Engineered Imine Reductase Catalyzed Enantiodivergent Synthesis of Alkylated Amphetamines

Article

Author: Cui, Chengsen ; Gao, Shu-Shan ; Ma, Yaqing ; Li, Xin ; Wu, Jiafeng ; Wang, Luoyi ; Bao, Jinping

Less steric ketones exhibited low stereoselectivity toward M5 due to their difficulty in restricting the free rotation of the imine intermediate. An engineered enantio-complementary imine reductase from M5 was obtained with catalytic activity. We identified four key residues that play essential roles in controlling stereoselectivity. Two mutants, I149Y-W234L (up to 99%^S ee) and L200M-F260M (up to 99%^R ee), were achieved, showing excellent stereoselectivity toward the tested substrates, offering valuable biocatalysts for synthesizing alkylated amphetamines.

100 Deals associated with Levmetamfetamine

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