AIMSOver the last few years, there has been an increasing interest in the use of natural substances for promoting human and animal health. Antibiotic resistance, enhanced by excessive use of antibiotics, has encouraged human and animal health authorities to consider and employ alternative approaches, including herbal and botanical medicine to combat invading microorganisms. Herein, the essential oils of Thymus vulgaris, Allium cepa, Allium sativum, Eucalyptus globulus, Salvia officinalis, Dianthus caryophyllus, Mentha spicata and Mentha piperita, were evaluated for their antibacterial activities against standard Escherichia coli O157:H7 by disk diffusion method.MAIN METHODSMinimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentrations (MBCs) were assessed via microdilution assay. In the next step, two combinations of these essential oils were formulated. Their in-vitro antibacterial effects were evaluated and compared with a commercially available herbal drug containing T. vulgaris essential oil.KEY FINDINGSAccording to the results, the two new formulated essential oil combinations had more potent antibacterial effects against E. coli when compared to the commercial herbal drug.SIGNIFICANCEThe presented data indicate the potential antibacterial activity of these newly formulated essential oil remedies to be employed in the poultry industry in the fight against colibacillosis, although this claim has to be examined in experimental and clinical trials.

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection MicrobiologyQ2 · MEDICINE

Enzyme-Linked Aptamer Assay (ELAA) for Detection of Toxoplasma ROP18 Protein in Human Serum

Q2 · MEDICINE

ArticleOA

Author: Moncada, Diego Mauricio ; Gómez-Marín, Jorge Enrique ; Zhang, Yang ; Molina, Diego Alejandro ; Vargas-Montes, Monica ; Cardona, Nestor

Toxoplasma gondii engenders the common parasitic disease toxoplasmosis in almost all warm-blooded animals. Being a critical secretory protein, ROP18 is a major virulence factor of Toxoplasma. There are no reports about ROP18 detection in human serum samples with different clinical manifestations. New aptamers against ROP18 protein were developed through Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential enrichment (SELEX). An Enzyme-Linked Aptamer Assay (ELAA) platform was developed using SELEX-derived aptamers, namely AP001 and AP002. The ELAA was used to evaluate total antigen from T. gondii RH strain (RH Ag) and recombinant protein of ROP18 (rROP18). The results showed that the ELAA presented higher affinity and specificity to RH Ag and rROP18, compared to negative controls. Detection limit of rROP18 protein in serum samples was measured by standard addition method, achieving a lower concentration of 1.56 μg/mL. Moreover, 62 seropositive samples with different clinical manifestations of toxoplasmosis and 20 seronegative samples were tested. A significant association between ELAA test positive for human serum samples and severe congenital toxoplasmosis was found (p = 0.006). Development and testing of aptamers-based assays opens a window for low-cost and rapid tests looking for biomarkers and improves our understanding about the role of ROP18 protein on the pathogenesis of human toxoplasmosis.

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