Abstract:Since the early twentieth century, with the isolation of penicillin and streptomycin in the
1940s, the modern era of anti-infective drug development has gained momentum. Due to the enormous
success of early drug discovery, many infectious diseases were successfully prevented and
eradicated. However, this initial hope was wrongheaded, and pathogens evolved as a significant
threat to human health. Drug resistance develops as a result of natural selection’s relentless pressure,
necessitating the identification of new drug targets and the creation of chemotherapeutics that
bypass existing drug resistance mechanisms. Fatty acid biosynthesis (FAS) is a crucial metabolic
mechanism for bacteria during their growth and development. Several crucial enzymes involved in
this biosynthetic pathway have been identified as potential targets for new antibacterial agents. In
Escherichia coli (E. coli), this pathway has been extensively investigated. The present review focuses
on progress in the development of Kas A, Kas B, and Fab H inhibitors as mono-therapeutic
antibiotics.