BackgroundDrought-resistant varieties are an important way to address the conflict between wheat's high water demand and the scarcity of water resources in the North China Plain (NCP). Drought stress impacts many morphological and physiological indicators in winter wheat. To increase the effectiveness of breeding drought-tolerant varieties, choosing indices that can accurately indicate a variety's drought resistance is advantageous.ResultsFrom 2019 to 2021, 16 representative winter wheat cultivars were cultivated in the field, and 24 traits, including morphological, photosynthetic, physiological, canopy, and yield component traits, were measured to evaluate the drought tolerance of the cultivars. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to transform 24 conventional traits into 7 independent, comprehensive indices, and 10 drought tolerance indicators were screened out by regression analysis. The 10 drought tolerance indicators were plant height (PH), spike number (SN), spikelet per spike(SP), canopy temperature (CT), leaf water content (LWC), photosynthetic rate (A), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), peroxidase activity (POD), malondialdehyde content (MDA), and abscisic acid (ABA). In addition, through membership function and cluster analysis, 16 wheat varieties were divided into 3 categories: drought-resistant, drought weak sensitive, and drought-sensitive.ConclusionJM418, HM19,SM22, H4399, HG35, and GY2018 exhibited excellent drought tolerance and,therefore, can be used as ideal references to study the drought tolerance mechanism in wheat and breeding drought-tolerant wheat cultivars.

01 Jul 2019·Circulation: Heart FailureQ1 · MEDICINE

Plasma Ceramides and Sphingomyelins in Relation to Heart Failure Risk

Q1 · MEDICINE

Article

Author: Heckbert, Susan R. ; McKnight, Barbara ; Jensen, Paul N. ; Hoofnagle, Andrew ; King, Irena B. ; Sotoodehnia, Nona ; Siscovick, David S. ; Fretts, Amanda M. ; Lemaitre, Rozenn N. ; Mozaffarian, Dariush ; Psaty, Bruce M.

Background:Ceramides exhibit multiple biological activities that may influence the pathophysiology of heart failure. These activities may be influenced by the saturated fatty acid carried by the ceramide (Cer). However, the associations of different circulating Cer species, and their sphingomyelin (SM) precursors, with heart failure have received limited attention.Methods and Results:We studied the associations of plasma Cer and SM species with incident heart failure in the Cardiovascular Health Study. We examined 8 species: Cer and SM with palmitic acid (Cer-16 and SM-16), species with arachidic acid (Cer-20 and SM-20), species with behenic acid (Cer-22 and SM-22), and species with lignoceric acid (Cer-24 and SM-24). During a median follow-up of 9.4 years, we identified 1179 cases of incident heart failure among 4249 study participants. In Cox regression analyses adjusted for risk factors, higher levels of Cer-16 and SM-16 were associated with higher risk of incident heart failure (hazard ratio for one SD increase:1.25 [95% CI, 1.16–1.36] and 1.28 [1.18–1.40], respectively). In contrast, higher levels of Cer-22 were associated with lower risk of heart failure in multivariable analyses further adjusted for Cer-16 (hazard ratio, 0.85 [0.78–0.92]); and higher levels of SM-20, SM-22 and SM-24 were associated with lower risk of heart failure in analyses further adjusted for SM-16 (hazard ratios, 0.83 [0.77–0.90], 0.81 [0.75–0.88], and 0.83 [0.77–0.90], respectively). No statistically significant interactions with age, sex, black race, body mass index, or baseline coronary heart disease were detected. Similar associations were observed for heart failure with preserved (n=529) or reduced (n=348) ejection fraction.Conclusions:This study shows associations of higher plasma levels of Cer-16 and SM-16 with increased risk of heart failure and higher levels of Cer-22, SM-20, SM-22, and SM-24 with decreased risk of heart failure.Clinical Trial Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT00005133.

01 Jul 2018·Annals of SurgeryQ1 · MEDICINE

SM22 a Plasma Biomarker for Human Transmural Intestinal Ischemia

Q1 · MEDICINE

Article

Author: Hadfoune, M'hamed ; Dejong, Cornelis H C ; Buurman, Wim A ; Schellekens, Dirk H S M ; Olde Damink, Steven W ; Reisinger, Kostan W ; Lenaerts, Kaatje ; Derikx, Joep P M

Objective:To evaluate the diagnostic potential of smooth muscle protein of 22 kDa (SM22) as plasma biomarker for the detection of transmural intestinal ischemia.Background:Acute mesenteric ischemia is an abdominal emergency requiring rapid diagnosis and treatment. Especially, detection of transmural damage is imperative because it mandates emergency surgery. Since early clinical and radiological signs are nonspecific, there is an urgent need for accurate biomarkers. SM22 is a potential marker for transmural damage because of its abundant expression in intestinal smooth muscles.Methods:SM22 concentrations were measured using a newly built enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. SM22 release was assessed in plasma and intestinal tissue of rats subjected to intestinal ischemia. Blood and tissue were sampled at baseline and followed up to 24 hours of ischemia. Next, organ-specific SM22 arteriovenous concentration differences were studied in both rats and patients. Finally, plasma from patients with intestinal ischemia, other acute abdominal complaints, and healthy volunteers were tested for SM22.Results:SM22 concentrations were significantly elevated in rats from 4 hours of ischemia onwards. Furthermore, SM22 plasma concentrations closely paralleled the histological increasing degree of intestinal smooth muscle damage. Arteriovenous calculations showed that SM22 was specifically released by the intestines and renally cleared. First data of SM22 release in man demonstrated that patients with transmural intestinal ischemia had significantly higher plasma SM22 levels than patients with only ischemic mucosal injury, other acute abdominal diseases, or healthy controls.Conclusions:This study shows that SM22 is released into the circulation upon severe ischemia of the intestinal muscle layers. Plasma levels of SM22 are potentially useful for the detection of transmural intestinal damage.

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Indication	Highest Phase	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Immune System Diseases	Preclinical	CN	Sinomab Bioscience Ltd.	15 Nov 2023

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