Delving into the Latest Updates on Carbamide Peroxide with Synapse

Overview

Basic Info

Drug Type

Small molecule drug

Synonyms

Carbamide peroxide (USP), Hydrogen peroxide carbamide, Urea dioxide

+ [3]

Target-

Mechanism-

Therapeutic Areas

Other Diseases

Active Indication

Fetal Distress

Inactive Indication

Acne VulgarisRosacea

Originator Organization

Hunan Yige Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.

Active Organization

Hunan Yige Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.

Inactive Organization

Elorac, Inc.

Drug Highest PhaseApproved

First Approval Date-

Regulation-

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Structure

Molecular FormulaCH6N2O3

InChIKeyAQLJVWUFPCUVLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N

CAS Registry124-43-6

The use of bleaching agents to remove stains is one of the main dental procedures to improve the aesthetics of teeth. This review presents the main agents used for tooth whitening, existing clinical protocols, and the structural changes that may occur through their use. The main bleaching agents consist of hydrogen peroxide and carbamide peroxide, which are used in bleaching techniques for vital teeth. These techniques can be performed in the office by a professional or by the individual in a home en-vironment under professional guidance. Bleaching agents come in a variety of concentrations and there are over-the-counter products available on the market with lower concentrations of hydrogen peroxide. Due to the chemical characteristics of the agents, changes in the organic and inorganic content of the tooth structure can be observed. These changes are related to morphological changes characterized by in-creased permeability and surface roughness, such changes compromise the mechanical resistance of the tooth. Furthermore, bleaching agents can promote molecular changes after reaching the dental pulp, resulting in oxidative stress of pulp cells and the release of pro-inflammatory mediators. Despite the bleaching effectiveness, tooth sensitivity is considered the main side effect of use. Therefore, among the heterogeneity of protocols, those that used the bleaching agent for a prolonged time and in lower con-centrations presented more harmful effects on the tooth structure.

01 Sep 2024·Operative Dentistry

Effect of Successive At-home Bleaching Sessions on the Surface Properties, Biaxial Flexural Strength, and Reliability of CAD-CAM Monolithic Materials

Article

Author: Amaro, LF ; Dovigo, LN ; Adabo, GL ; Fonseca, RG ; Massucatto, LO ; Queiroz, JFC

SUMMARYAlthough at-home bleaching can recover the optical properties of stained CAD-CAM monolithic materials, little is known about its impact on their surface and mechanical properties, especially when successive sessions are performed. This study evaluated the effect of successive at-home bleaching sessions on the microhardness, roughness, topography, biaxial flexural strength (BFS), and reliability of CAD-CAM monolithic materials. Disks from Lava Ultimate (LU), Vita Enamic (VE), and IPS Empress CAD (EMP) were fabricated and submitted to up to three bleaching sessions. At-home bleaching was performed with 10% carbamide peroxide, and each session consisted of one application for 10 hours/day for 14 days. The analyses of the aforementioned parameters were assessed before and after the first, second, and third bleaching sessions, except for BFS, which was evaluated at baseline and after the third session. The Weibull modulus was calculated from the BFS data. The microhardness of the three materials as well as the roughness of LU were not affected by the sessions, whereas the roughness of VE and EMP increased from the second session. All materials displayed topographic changes, which became more pronounced with the increase in the number of sessions. Although bleaching decreased the BFS of the materials, it did not adversely affect their reliability. Successive at-home bleaching sessions with the protocol used in the present study cannot be considered a safe procedure for the materials evaluated.

01 Aug 2024·Clinical and Experimental Dental Research

Effects of Different Concentrations of Carbamide Peroxide on Color, Surface Roughness, and Hardness of CAD/CAM Dental Ceramics

Article

Author: Jamshidi, Saman ; Alaghemand, Homayoun ; Gholinia, Hemmat ; Esmaeili, Behnaz

ABSTRACTObjectivesThis study assessed the effects of 15% and 20% carbamide peroxide (CP) on color, surface roughness, and hardness of computer‐aided design/computer‐aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) dental ceramics.Materials and MethodsThis in vitro study was conducted on 120 Vita Mark II, Celtra Duo, and Suprinity CAD/CAM ceramic specimens. The ceramic specimens in each group (n = 40) were randomly assigned to two subgroups (n = 20) for polishing and glazing, and their baseline color, surface roughness (Ra), and hardness were assessed. In each subgroup, half of the specimens were exposed to 15% CP, while the other half were exposed to 20% CP. Their color change (ΔE), surface roughness, and hardness were then measured again. Surface roughness, hardness, and color were analyzed sequentially by profilometer, Vickers hardness tester, and spectrophotometer, respectively. Data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA, one‐way ANOVA, and post hoc Bonferroni test (α = 0.05).ResultsThe surface roughness of all groups significantly increased after bleaching treatment (p < 0.05). Surface hardness of all groups decreased after bleaching treatment, but this reduction was only significant in Vita Mark II subgroups (glazed, polished, 15%, and 20% CP). The ΔE was not clinically and visually perceivable in any group.ConclusionThe present results revealed that concentration of CP and type of surface treatment affected the surface properties of CAD/CAM ceramics. Type of surface treatment only affected the surface hardness of Vita Mark II ceramics (p < 0.05). Concentration of CP had a significant effect only on polished Vita Mark II.

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