Furfural compounds, including 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, furfural, and 5-methylfurfural, are common in foods and pose health risks. This study presents a pipette-tip solid-phase extraction with in-situ derivatization (PT-KF-SPE/ISD) method for rapid analysis of furfural compounds in various food matrices. Utilizing natural kapok fiber as an efficient adsorbent, this method integrates extraction and derivatization into a single step via a simple pull-push operation. Derivatization with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine increases the hydrophobicity and ultraviolet absorption of furfural compounds, enabling sensitive liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection. The method shows good linearity, sensitivity, and reproducibility, with limits of detection in ranges of 3.9-6.0 ng/mL. Real sample analysis confirms its applicability in detecting furfural compounds in beverages and herbal products, offering a reliable and eco-friendly solution for food safety and quality control. Five greenness assessment metrics demonstrate the method's excellent environmental friendliness. This approach highlights the advantages of combining natural adsorbents with in-situ derivatization for efficient food analysis.

01 Oct 2024·Food and Chemical Toxicology

RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, 5-methylfurfural, CAS registry number 620-02-0

Review

Author: Bruze, M ; Sipes, I G ; Moustakas, H. ; Muldoon, J ; Bartlett, A ; Belsito, D ; Schember, I ; Bryant-Freidrich, A ; Thakkar, Y ; Dagli, M.L. ; Api, A M ; Ritacco, G ; Botelho, D ; Sadekar, N ; Lapczynski, A. ; Bruze, M. ; Joshi, K. ; Schultz, T W ; Tokura, Y. ; Ritacco, G. ; Cancellieri, M.A. ; Sadekar, N. ; Thakkar, Y. ; Burton, G.A. ; Deodhar, C. ; Muldoon, J. ; Botelho, D. ; Schember, I. ; Siddiqi, F. ; Jones, L ; Lavelle, M. ; Lavelle, M ; Burton, G A ; Penning, T M ; Joshi, K ; Penning, T.M. ; Dagli, M L ; Lapczynski, A ; Tokura, Y ; Belsito, D. ; Chon, H. ; Jones, L. ; Moustakas, H ; Api, A.M. ; Lee, I. ; Farrell, K. ; Deodhar, C ; Sullivan, G. ; Bartlett, A. ; Lee, I ; Dekant, W. ; Fryer, A D ; Chon, H ; Fryer, A.D. ; Sipes, I.G. ; Farrell, K ; Cancellieri, M A ; Schultz, T.W. ; Siddiqi, F ; Dekant, W ; Bryant-Freidrich, A. ; Sullivan, G

A review.5-Methylfurfural was evaluated for genotoxicity, repeated dose toxicity, reproductive toxicity, local respiratory toxicity, photoirritation/photoallergenicity, skin sensitization, and environmental safety.Data from read-across analog furfural (CAS # 98-01-1) show that 5-methylfurfural is not expected to be genotoxic, provide a calculated Margin of Exposure (MOE) > 100 for the repeated dose toxicity, reproductive toxicity, and local respiratory toxicity endpoints, and that there are no safety concerns for 5-methylfurfural for skin sensitization under the current declared levels of use.The photoirritation endpoint was evaluated based on target data; 5-methylfurfural does not present a concern for photoirritation under the current declared levels of use.5-Methylfurfural was not evaluated for photoallergenicity due to a lack of suitable data and validated in vitro tests.To address this data gap, RIFM is sponsoring an in vitro photoallergy research program to evaluate the photoallergy potential of 5-methylfurfural.The environmental endpoints were evaluated.

01 Jan 2024·Food Research International

Influence of maturation and roasting on the quality and chemical composition of new conilon coffee cultivar by chemometrics

Article

Author: Moreira Osório, Vanessa ; Louzada Pereira, Lucas ; de Souza Silveira, Lian ; Lirio Soares, Karla ; Fronza, Márcio ; de Souza Costa, Arthur Merigueti ; Carlos Verdin Filho, Abraão ; Scherer, Rodrigo

Coffee is one of the most consumed beverages worldwide. Espírito Santo is the largest Brazilian producer of conilon coffee, and invested in the creation of new cultivars, such as "Conquista ES8152", launched in 2019. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of maturation and roasting on the chemical and sensorial composition of the new conilon coffee cultivar "Conquista ES8152". The coffee was harvested containing 3 different percentages of ripe fruits: 60%, 80%, and 100%, and roasted at 3 different degrees of roasting: light, medium, and dark, to evaluate the moisture and ash content, yield of soluble extract, volatile compound profile, chlorogenic acid and caffeine content, and sensory profile. "Conquista ES8152" coffee has a moisture content between 1.38 and 2.62%; ash between 4.34 and 4.72%; and yield between 30.7 and 35.8%. Sensory scores ranged between 75 and 80 and the majority of volatile compounds belong to the pyrazine, phenol, furan, and pyrrole groups. The content of total chlorogenic acids was drastically reduced by roasting, with values between 2.40 and 9.33%, with 3-caffeoylquinic acid being the majority. Caffeine was not influenced by either maturation or roasting, with values between 2.16 and 2.41%. The volatile compounds furfural, 5-methylfurfural, and 2-ethyl-5-methylpyrazine were positively correlated with the evaluated sensory attributes and 5-methylfurfural was the only one significantly correlated with all attributes. Ethylpyrazine, furfuryl acetate, 1-furfurylpyrrole, 4-ethyl-2-methoxyphenol, and difurfuryl ether were negatively correlated. The stripping did not affect the quality and composition of this new cultivar, however, the roasting caused changes in both the chemical and sensorial profiles, appropriately indicated by the principal component analysis.

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