Author: Liao, Yun ; Li, Dandan ; Yang, Jinling ; Liu, Baofeng ; Shen, Lianzhong ; Li, Cong ; Zhao, Heng ; Huo, Xinqian ; Li, Yun ; Yu, Li ; Zhang, Ying ; Li, Qihan ; Jiang, Qinfang ; Fan, Shengtao ; Jiang, Guorun ; Shao, Mingxiang ; Xu, Xingli ; Zhang, Caixing

Hand, foot and mouth disease is a common acute viral infectious disease that poses a serious threat to the life and health of young children. With the development of an effective inactivated EV71 vaccine, CA16 has become the main pathogen causing HFMD. Effective and safe vaccines against this disease are urgently needed. In our previous study, a bivalent inactivated vaccine was shown to have good immunogenicity and to induce neutralizing antibodies in mice and monkeys. Repeated administration toxicity is a critical safety test in the preclinical evaluation of vaccines. In this study, BALB/c mice were used to evaluate the toxicity of the bivalent vaccine after multiple intradermal administrations. Clinical observation was performed daily, and body weight, food intake, hematological characteristics, serum biochemical parameters, antinuclear antibodies, CD4⁺/CD8a⁺ T-cell proportions, bone marrow smear results and pathology results were recorded. The results showed that there was no significant change at the injection site and no adverse reactions related to the vaccine. The bivalent inactivated EV71-CA16 vaccine exhibits good safety in mice, and these results provide a sufficient basis for further clinical trials.

01 Mar 2020·Clinical Microbiology and InfectionQ1 · MEDICINE

Cost-effectiveness of bivalent versus monovalent vaccines against hand, foot and mouth disease

Q1 · MEDICINE

Article

Author: Q. Liao ; F. Liu ; H. Yu ; J. Yang ; J.T. Wu ; K. Leung ; D. Liu ; M. Jit ; Y. Zheng

OBJECTIVESEnterovirus 71 (EV71) and coxsackievirus A16 (CA16) were responsible for 43.3% (235 123/543 243) and 24.8% (134 607/543 243) of all laboratory-confirmed hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) cases during 2010-2015 in China. Three monovalent EV71 vaccines have been licensed in China while bivalent EV71/CA16 vaccines are under development. A comparative cost-effectiveness analysis of bivalent EV71/CA16 versus monovalent EV71 vaccination would be useful for informing the additional value of bivalent HFMD vaccines in China.METHODSWe used a static model parameterized with the national HFMD surveillance data during 2010-2013, virological HFMD surveillance records from all 31 provinces in mainland China during 2010-2013 and caregiver survey data of costs and health quality of life during 2012-2013. We estimated the threshold vaccine cost (TVC), defined as the maximum additional cost that could be paid for a cost-effective bivalent EV71/CA16 vaccine over a monovalent EV71 vaccine, as the outcome. The base case analysis was performed from a societal perspective. Several sensitivity analyses were conducted by varying assumptions governing HFMD risk, costs, discounting and vaccine efficacy.RESULTSIn the base case, choosing the bivalent EV71/CA16 over monovalent EV71 vaccination would be cost-effective only if the additional cost of the bivalent EV71/CA16 compared with the monovalent EV71 vaccine is less than €4.7 (95% CI 4.2-5.2). Compared with the TVC in the base case, TVC increased by up to €8.9 if all the test-negative cases were CA16-HFMD; decreased by €1.1 with an annual discount rate of 6% and exclusion of the productivity loss; and increased by €0.14 and €0.3 with every 1% increase in bivalent vaccine efficacy against CA16-HFMD and differential vaccine efficacy against EV71-HFMD, respectively.CONCLUSIONSBivalent EV71/CA16 vaccines can be cost-effective compared with monovalent EV71 vaccines, if suitably priced. Our study provides further evidence for determining the optimal use of HFMD vaccines in routine paediatric vaccination programme in China.

01 Feb 2020·VaccineQ3 · MEDICINE

Study of integrated protective immunity induced in rhesus macaques by the intradermal administration of a bivalent EV71-CA16 inactivated vaccine

Q3 · MEDICINE

Article

Author: Xu, Xingli ; Jiang, Li ; Feng, Min ; Cui, Wei ; Fan, Shengtao ; Zhang, Ying ; Jiang, Guorun ; Liao, Yun ; Li, Qihan ; Yang, Erxia ; Wang, Lichun

Enterovirus type 71 (EV71) and coxsackievirus A 16 (CA16) are recognized as the major pathogens responsible for human hand-foot-mouth disease. To develop a bivalent EV71-CA16 vaccine, rhesus macaques immunized with two doses of this vaccine via the intradermal route were challenged with EV71 or CA16, and their clinical symptoms, viral shedding, neutralizing antibodies, IFN-γ-specific ELISpots, and tissue viral load were examined longitudinally. Specific immunity against EV71 and CA16 was observed in the macaques, which exhibited controlled proliferation of the EV71 and CA16 viruses and upregulated expression of immune-related genes compared with the controls. Furthermore, broad protection against EV71 and CA16 challenge without immunopathological effects was observed in all the immunized macaques. These studies suggest that the bivalent EV71-CA16 inactivated vaccine was effective against wild-type EV71 or CA16 viral challenge in rhesus macaques.

100 Deals associated with EV71-CA16 vaccine(AIM Vaccine)

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Indication	Highest Phase	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Enterovirus 71 infection	IND Approval	CN	Jiangsu Convac Biotechnology Co., Ltd.	26 Oct 2022
Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease	IND Approval	CN	Jiangsu Convac Biotechnology Co., Ltd.	26 Oct 2022

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