Deciphering the Impact of ZnO Nanoparticles and a Sunscreen Product Containing ZnO on Phosphorus Dynamics and Release in Chlorella pyrenoidosa in Aquatic Systems

Article

Author: Bashir, Safdar ; Cao, Manman ; Sun, Ke ; Ma, Shuai ; Xing, Baoshan ; Wang, Fei ; Liu, Shuhu

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) expedite the conversion of organic phosphorus (OP) into PO₄-P (Pi), facilitating phosphorus (P) absorption by algae. Our study explored the mechanisms of converting OP (2-aminoethylphosphonic acid (AEP) and β-glycerol phosphate (β-GP)) into Pi in Chlorella pyrenoidosa under P deficiency with sunscreen and ZnO NPs. Cell density followed the order of K₂HPO₄ > β-GP+ZnO > β-GP > AEP+ZnO > AEP > P-free. ZnO NPs promoted the conversion of β-GP, containing C-O-P bonds (0.028-0.041 mg/L), into Pi more efficiently than AEP, which possesses C-P bonds (0.022-0.037 mg/L). Transcriptomics revealed Pi transport/metabolism (phoB (3.99-12.01 fold), phoR (2.20-5.50 fold), ppa (4.49-10.40 fold), and ppk (2.50-5.40 fold)) and phospholipid metabolism (SQD1 (1.85-2.79 fold), SQD2 (2.60-6.53 fold), MGD (2.13-3.21 fold), and DGD (4.08-7.56 fold)) were up-regulated compared to K₂HPO₄. ³¹P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy identified intracellular P as polyphosphate, orthophosphate, and pyrophosphate. Synchrotron radiation-based X-ray near-edge structure spectroscopy indicated that K₂HPO₄ and Zn₃(PO₄)₂ in β-GP+ZnO were increased by 8.09% and 7.28% compared to AEP+ZnO, suggesting superior P storage in β-GP+ZnO. Overall, ZnO NPs improved photoinduced electron-hole pair separation and charge separation efficiency and amplified the ·OH and ·O₂^- levels, promoting OP photoconversion into Pi and algae growth.

01 Jun 2024·International Journal of Biological Macromolecules

Development of smart colorimetric indicators for tracking kimchi freshness by loading aronia extract in agar, κ-carrageenan, and cellulose nanofiber films

Article

Author: Kim, Jun Tae ; Yoo, SeungRan ; Hong, Su Jung ; Shin, Gye Hwa ; Roy, Swarup ; Oun, Ahmed A

Color indicator films incorporating aronia extract powder (AEP) and biopolymers like agar, carrageenan, and cellulose nanofiber (CNF) were developed to monitor kimchi freshness. AEP-containing films showed strong UV-barrier properties, and reduced light transmittance by 99.12 % for agar, 98.86 % for carrageenan, and 98.67 % for CNF-based films. All AEP-films exhibited high sensitivity to pH changes and vapor exposure to ammonia and acetic acid. Color change notably influenced by the polymer type, particularly evident with ammonia vapor exposure, especially in the AEP/carrageenan film. The chemical structure and thermal stability of the biopolymers remained unchanged after AEP-addition. Tensile strength increased by 24.2 % for AEP/CNF but decreased by 19.4 % for AEP/agar and 24.3 % for AEP/carrageenan films. AEP-containing films displayed strong antioxidant activity, with 99 % free radical scavenging in ABTS and ~ 80 % in DPPH assays. Alkalized AEP-indicator films were more effective in detecting color changes during kimchi packaging tests. Among the labels, alkalized AEP/agar film showed the most obvious color change from green-gray (fresh kimchi, pH 5.5, acidity 0.48 %) to pale brown (optimal fermentation, pH 4.6, acidity 0.70 %), and pale violet-brown (over-fermented, pH 3.80, acidity 1.35 %). Alkalized AEP-indicator films offer promising real-time detection of packed fermented foods like kimchi.

30 Jan 2024·Disability and Rehabilitation

Effect of aquatic exercise programs according to the International Classification of Functionality, Disability and Health domains in individuals with Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis with GRADE quality assessment

Review

Author: da Silva, Silvia Lanziotti Azevedo ; Smaili, Suhaila Mahmoud ; Rigo Lima, Carla ; Firmino Vaz Figueira, Eluy Cristina ; David Truax, Brendon ; Braz de Oliveira, Marcos Paulo

PURPOSETo investigate the effects of aquatic exercise programs (AEP) in body structure and function, activity, and participation outcomes in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) with mild to moderate disability levels.METHODSSix databases were searched from inception until November 2022. Randomized clinical trials that used AEP alone, AEP combined and/or compared two types of AEP were included. The quality of evidence was assessed by the GRADE approach and the standardized mean differences (SMD) were calculated the meta-analysis.RESULTSTwelve studies (n = 380) were included. AEP alone was superior to active control in improving body structure and function outcome: postural balance (low evidence, SMD = 0.47, p = 0.02). No statistically significant differences were found for the other body structure and function outcomes: lower limb muscle strength (p = 0.14) and depressive symptoms (p = 0.79), activity outcomes: mobility (p = 0.32) and participation outcomes: quality of life (p = 0.05). AEP combined showed no statistically significant difference for the outcomes of body structure and function: postural balance (p = 0.11) and activity: mobility (p = 0.21) when compared to active control.CONCLUSIONAEP showed positive effects on body structure and function outcome (postural balance) in individuals with PD with mild to moderate disability levels while, no significant improvements were noticed for activity and participation outcomes.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONOur findings indicate that aquatic exercise programs (AEP) lead to significant improvements on body structure and function (i.e., postural balance) in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD).The AEP evaluated in this study implemented postural balance, gait, single and double training, as well as aerobic exercises, trunk mobility exercises, and Ai Chi.The average duration, frequency, and total time implemented were 50 minutes, three times a week, for seven weeks, respectively.Considering the potential benefits identified in this study, AEP can be recommended as an adjunct treatment strategy for individuals with PD.Additionally, the use of the International Classification of Functionality, Disability and Health on the development of rehabilitation treatment plans is advised.

100 Deals associated with Braegen-03

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Indication	Highest Phase	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Alzheimer Disease	Preclinical	CN	Shanghai Braegen Pharmaceuticals	30 Apr 2024
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis	Preclinical	CN	Shanghai Braegen Pharmaceuticals	30 Apr 2024
Parkinson Disease	Preclinical	CN	Shanghai Braegen Pharmaceuticals	30 Apr 2024

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