Evaluation of the efficiency of estrus synchronization protocols combined with natural service and ultrasonography on ewe reproductive performance during non-breeding season.

Article

Author: Kumar, P R

BackgroundEstrus synchronization is an important assisted reproductive technology to improve the reproductive performance in ewes. Various protocols have been used with variable success rates, however; literature regarding field applicable estrus synchronization is meagre.AimsThe present study was designed with the aim to evaluate the estrus synchronization protocols on reproductive performance in ewes using different hormones.MethodsExperimental ewes were divided randomly into three groups (n=15). Ewes of all groups received intravaginal sponge for 12 days. Subsequently, NP₄-GnRH and NP₄-eCG groups received 8 µg of buserelin acetate or 200 IU of eCG intramuscularly, respectively on day 12 whereas NP₄-Insulin group received insulin 0.2 IU/kg body weight subcutaneously for three consecutive days started on the day of sponge removal. Estrus detection commenced 24 h after sponge removal in NP₄-GnRH and NP₄-eCG groups and 24 h following last injection of insulin in NP₄-Insulin group. The ewes in estrus were separated and pen mated. The conception rate was determined by ultrasonography.ResultsThe estrus response and conception rates were 71.43, 92.86 and 53.85%, and 70.00, 84.61, and 71.43%, respectively in NP₄-GnRH, NP₄-eCG, and NP₄-Insulin groups. The lambing rates were the same as the conception rates. The single and multiple birth rates were 71.41, 36.36 and 60.0%, and 28.57, 63.64, and 40.0% whereas prolificacy was 128.57, 190.91, and 140.00%, respectively in NP₄-GnRH, NP₄-eCG, and NP₄-Insulin groups.ConclusionIn conclusion, the estrus synchronization protocol including intravaginal progesterone sponge and eCG was found to be more effective under field conditions.

01 May 2023·Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences

Formulation and development of bioadhesive transdermal gel of ropivacaine loaded nanoparticles for enhancement of anesthetic effect: Preclinical study in animal model.

Article

Author: De Chen, - ; Chang Song Li, - ; Lu Chen, - ; Shaonan Wang, -

A transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) is one of the most attractive approaches and is popular due to high patient compliance, low risk and ease of applicability. To formulate a bioadhesive gel with Ropivacaine-loaded nanoparticles for enhancement of the local anaesthesia. The ionotropic gelation method was used to formulate nanoparticles and characterized for particle size, zeta potential, PDI, drug loading and surface morphology. The optimized nanoparticulate formulation was further used in the development of bioadhesive gel and characterized for clarity, pH, bioadhesive strength, drug content, viscosity, ex-vivo skin permeation and in vivo Tail Flick test on a rat model. Among nanoparticle formulations, NP4 formulation was found to be the ideal formulation based on Physico chemical parameters. The F6 bioadhesive gel was considered optimised amongst all the formulations. The F6 gel showed an excellent skin permeation profile over 14 hr as compared to other formulations. This formulation showed maximum anesthetic effect compared to other formulations as observed in the tail flick test. F6 formulation containing RPV nanoparticles showed 3.32 folds increase in anesthetic activity as compared to the control gel. Bioadhesive transdermal gel containing RPV nanoparticles would be a potential alternative strategy for improving the anesthetic effect.

01 Apr 2022·Current Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyQ4 · MEDICINE

Biodegradable Polymers-based Nanoparticles to Enhance the Antifungal Efficacy of Fluconazole against Candida albicans

Q4 · MEDICINE

Article

Author: Girgis, Germeen ; Saleh, Noha ; Elshaer, Soha

Background:Fluconazole (FLZ), a potent antifungal medication, is characterized by poor water solubility that reduced its antifungal efficacy.Objective:This study aimed to prepare FLZ-loaded polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) by using different polymers and techniques as a method of enhancing the antifungal activity of FLZ.Methods:NP1, NP2, and NP3 were prepared by the double emulsion/solvent evaporation method using PLGA, PCL, and PLA, respectively. The ionotropic pre-gelation technique was applied to prepare an alginate/chitosan-based formulation (NP4). Particle size, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, and loading capacity were characterized. FT-IR spectra of FLZ, the polymers, and the prepared NPs were estimated. NP4 was selected for further in-vitro release evaluation. The broth dilution method was used to assess the antifungal activity of NP4 using a resistant clinical isolate of Candida albicans.Results:The double emulsion method produced smaller-sized particles (<390 nm) but with much lower encapsulation efficiency (<12%). Alternatively, the ionic gelation method resulted in nanosized particles with a markedly higher encapsulation efficiency of about 40%. The FT-IR spectroscopy confirmed the loading of the FLZ molecules in the polymeric network of the prepared NPs. The release profile of NP4 showed a burst initial release followed by a controlled pattern up to 24 hours with a higher percent released relative to the free FLZ suspension. NP4 was able to reduce the value of MIC of FLZ by 20 times.Conclusion:The antifungal activity of FLZ against C. albicans was enhanced markedly via its loading in the alginate/chitosan-based polymeric matrix of NP4.

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Indication	Highest Phase	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Cystinosis	Preclinical	AU	Nacuity Pharmaceuticals, Inc.Startup	20 Jul 2020

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