Author: López-Alberca, María P. ; Mohr, Justin T. ; Bachovchin, Daniel A. ; Cravatt, Benjamin F. ; Zuhl, Andrea M. ; Niessen, Sherry ; Dochnahl, Maximilian ; Berlin, Jacob M. ; Fu, Gregory C. ; Hsu, Ku-Lung

Serine hydrolases are one of the largest and most diverse enzyme classes in Nature. Most serine hydrolases lack selective inhibitors, which are valuable probes for assigning functions to these enzymes. We recently discovered a set of aza-β-lactams (ABLs) that act as potent and selective inhibitors of the mammalian serine hydrolase protein-phosphatase methylesterase-1 (PME-1). The ABLs inactivate PME-1 by covalent acylation of the enzyme's serine nucleophile, suggesting that they could offer a general scaffold for serine hydrolase inhibitor discovery. Here, we have tested this hypothesis by screening ABLs more broadly against cell and tissue proteomes by competitive activity-based protein profiling (ABPP), leading to the discovery of lead inhibitors for several serine hydrolases, including the uncharacterized enzyme α,β-hydrolase domain-containing 10 (ABHD10). ABPP-guided medicinal chemistry yielded a compound ABL303 that potently (IC(50) ≈ 30 nM) and selectively inactivated ABHD10 in vitro and in living cells. A comparison of optimized inhibitors for PME-1 and ABHD10 indicates that modest structural changes that alter steric bulk can tailor the ABL to selectively react with distinct, distantly related serine hydrolases. Our findings, taken together, designate the ABL as a versatile reactive group for creating first-in-class serine hydrolase inhibitors.

Probe Development Efforts to Identify Novel Inhibitors of ABHD10

Author: Andrea M Zuhl ; Jacob M Berlin ; Anna E Speers ; Timothy Spicer ; Daniel A Bachovchin ; Jill Ferguson ; Greg C Fu ; Steven J Brown ; Hugh Rosen ; Justin T Mohr ; Virneliz Fernandez-Vega ; Peter Hodder ; Benjamin F Cravatt

The Scripps Research Institute Molecular Screening Center (SRIMSC) recently completed a fluorescence-polarization activity-based protein profiling (fluopol-ABPP) high throughput screening (HTS) campaign to identify inhibitors of protein phosphatase methylesterase-1 (PME-1). This campaign unveiled a phenomenal class of potent and selective inhibitors, the aza-beta lactams (ABLs), one of which, ML174, showed exceptional in situ and in vivo potency and selectivity for PME-1. During medicinal chemistry investigation of the ABLs for PME-1, we observed that one of the common anti-targets was the uncharacterized serine hydrolase abhydrolase domain containing protein 10 (ABHD10). This fortuitous discovery of inhibitor leads was of particular interest to us, as we had recently uncovered some exciting evidence that ABHD10 functions as a lipase in situ. A principle goal of post-genomic research is to elucidate the molecular and cellular roles of uncharacterized enzymes like ABHD10, an investigation which profits significantly from chemical tools for precise regulation of enzyme activity. Given that no selective inhibitors of ABHD10 have yet been reported in the literature, we completed a medicinal chemistry campaign to optimize an ABL probe for ABHD10, which is presented herein as ML257. This probe is highly potent against ABHD10 in vitro (IC50 = 17 nM), in situ (IC50 = 28 nM), and in vivo (active at 25 mg/kg, i.p., in mice), and exhibits remarkable selectivity among 40+ other serine hydrolases. Importantly, this probe demonstrates the potential for exploiting fortuitous inhibitor leads for orthogonal, “anti-target” enzymes, thus maximizing the benefits of a single HTS campaign, and highlights the “privileged” nature of the ABL scaffold for serine hydrolase inhibitor development.

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Indication	Highest Phase	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Malignant glioma of brain	Preclinical	United States	The Scripps Research Institute	07 Mar 2013

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