In this work, the perovskite LaZnO₃ was synthesized via sol-gel method and applied for photocatalytic treatment of sulfamethizole (SMZ) antibiotics under visible light activation. SMZ was almost completely degraded (99.2% ± 0.3%) within 4 hr by photocatalyst LaZnO₃ at the optimal dosage of 1.1 g/L, with a mineralization proportion of 58.7% ± 0.4%. The efficient performance of LaZnO₃ can be attributed to its wide-range light absorption and the appropriate energy band edge levels, which facilitate the formation of active agents such as ·O₂^-, h⁺, and ·OH. The integration of RP-HPLC/Q-TOF-MS and DFT-based computational techniques revealed three degradation pathways of SMZ, which were initiated by the deamination reaction at the aniline ring, the breakdown of the sulfonamide moieties, and a process known as Smile-type rearrangement and SO₂ intrusion. Corresponding toxicity of SMZ and the intermediates were analyzed by quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR), indicating the effectiveness of LaZnO₃-based photocatalysis in preventing secondary pollution of the intermediates to the ecosystem during the degradation process. The visible-light-activated photocatalyst LaZnO₃ exhibited efficient performance in the occurrence of inorganic anions and maintained high durability across multiple recycling tests, making it a promising candidate for practical antibiotic treatment.

01 Jan 2024·Science of The Total Environment

Combining large-scale investigation and quantum chemical calculation of pharmaceuticals: Spatiotemporal patterns of occurrence and structural insights into removal

Article

Author: Xu, Ke ; Zhang, Chunqiu ; Fang, Yushi ; Shen, Guochen ; Fan, Fan ; Geng, Jinju ; Yu, Qingmiao ; Ren, Hongqiang ; Wu, Gang

This study investigated the spatiotemporal distribution of 17 pharmaceuticals in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) from 17 provinces across China, and explored structural insights into their removal in full-scale wastewater treatment processes by quantum chemistry. Briefly, 10 pharmaceuticals were detected in above 85 % of samples, of which ibuprofen and sulfamethoxazole dominated with concentrations up to the μg/L level. Seasonally, concentrations of psychoactive drugs (PDs) were 1.3-2.6 times higher in summer than in other seasons. Spatially, higher average concentrations were detected in northern WWTPs, and regions with similar economic levels exhibited similar contamination patterns. Pharmaceutical removal in WWTPs ranged from 41.4 % (carbamazepine) to 87.2 % (sulfamethizole), with the secondary treatment segment, especially aerobic treatment units, maintaining an important position. Molecular structural mechanisms behind these removal performances were further revealed. Firstly, we demonstrated a significant association of pharmaceutical overall removal with electrophilicity index (ωcubic) as well as the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy (ELUMO). Highly electrophilic pharmaceuticals may persist in WWTPs and their sensitivity to electron exchange reactions accounted for the discrepant removal. In terms of treatment segments, pharmaceuticals with reaction sites masked in molecular structure, such as ibuprofen and venlafaxine, showed a propensity for tertiary treatment suitability. Furthermore, enzymes of aerobic units exhibited excellent docking affinity to pharmaceutical molecules with an average affinity of -7.2 kcal/mol, and hydrogen-bond interactions played an important factor in promoting biodegradation. Our results emphasize the necessity of assessing pharmaceutical contamination on a larger spatiotemporal scale. Moreover, the structural insights into removal phenomena offer scientific molecular-level justification for the design and optimization of pharmaceutical treatment technologies in WWTPs.

01 Nov 2023·Journal of Environmental Management

Occurrence and prevalence of antibiotics in wastewater treatment plants and effluent receiving rivers in South Africa using UHPLC-MS determination

Article

Author: Maseko, Bethusile Rejoice ; Olowoyo, Oluwole Joshua ; Madikizela, Mzukisi Lawrence ; Ncube, Somandla ; Oharisi, Omuferen-Oke Loveth ; Nyoni, Hlengilizwe

The increased usage of antibiotics over the recent years has led to an increased interest in monitoring their presence in wastewater all over the world. In this study the occurrence of sixteen (16) selected antibiotics (amoxicillin, ampicillin, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, erythromycin, gentamicin, metronidazole, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, penicillin, sulfamethoxazole, sulfapyridine, sulfamethizole, tetracycline and trimethoprim) were determined in two wastewater treatment plants and two effluent receiving rivers in Northern part of Pretoria, South Africa. Targeted screening and identification of antibiotics was done using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry after sample clean-up and pre-concentration using solid phase extraction. The concentrations of the targeted antibiotics detected in influent samples ranged between 0.78 and 96.8 ng mL^-1 and those in effluent were between 0.12 and 9.89 ng mL^-1. The highest recorded concentrations in all samples were those of doxycycline (30.9-120 ng mL^-1) and sulfamethoxazole (2.52-96.8 ng mL^-1) in effluent and influent samples, respectively. The concentrations of antibiotics in the rivers receiving effluents were between 0.03 and 72.8 ng mL^-1 in upstream samples and 0.008-76.8 ng mL^-1 in downstream samples, indicating that there is other source of contaminate to these rivers other than the treatment plants. Risk assessment using the hazard quotients ranged between 0.24 and 889 indicating that the presence of these antibiotics and antibiotic mixtures posed higher ecological risks to aquatic organisms. From the study, it could be concluded that wastewater treatment plants were releasing antibiotics to the environment and posing a risk to the aquatic ecosystem and public health. Therefore, there is a need to research into developing more efficient conventional wastewater treatment technologies that can completely remove antibiotics from wastewater.

100 Deals associated with Sulfamethizole

External Link

KEGG	Wiki	ATC	Drug Bank
D00870	Sulfamethizole	D06BA04 B05CA04 J01EB02 S01AB01	DB00576

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