Edible plant oils with a high n-3/n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) ratio exhibit numerous health benefits, potentially due to their ability to modulate cellular lipidomes metabolism within the organism. To test this hypothesis, lifespan studies in Drosophila were conducted to assess the impact of 7 representative plant oils with different n-3/n-6 PUFA ratios on health outcomes. Subsequently, multi-dimensional MS-based shotgun lipidomics was utilized for class-targeted lipid analysis of cellular lipidomes in fly bodies. The plant oils with high n-3/n-6 PUFAs ratio significantly extended the lifespan of Drosophila, enhancing overall health. Lipidomics analysis revealed that these oils substantially increased the composition of 18:3 free FA, reduced compositions of phospholipid species containing 18:2 FA in flies, and enhanced mitochondrial functions by elevating T18:2 cardiolipin composition. The study provides insights into the mechanism(s) underlying the positive health effects of plant oils with high n-3/n-6 PUFAs ratio.

01 Apr 2025·Journal of Lipid Research

Inflammatory markers after supplementation with marine n-3 or plant n-6 PUFAs: A randomized double-blind crossover study

Article

Author: Cetin, Kaya ; Mellgren, Gunnar ; Rostrup, Espen ; Nygård, Ottar K ; Bjørndal, Bodil ; Laupsa-Borge, Johnny ; Grytten, Elise ; Bohov, Pavol ; Dankel, Simon N ; Strand, Elin ; Nordrehaug, Jan Erik ; Berge, Rolf K ; Skorve, Jon

Omega-3 (n-3) (e.g., EPA/DHA) and omega-6 (n-6) (e.g., linoleic acid [LA]) FAs are suggested to have opposite effects on inflammation, but results are inconsistent and direct comparisons of n-3 and n-6 are lacking. In a double-blind, randomized, and crossover study, females (n = 16) and males (n = 23) aged 30-70 years with abdominal obesity were supplemented with 3-4 g/d EPA/DHA (fish oil) or 15-20 g/d LA (safflower oil) for 7 weeks, with a 9-week washout phase. Cytokines and chemokines (multiplex assay), acute-phase proteins (MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry), endothelial function (vascular reaction index), blood pressure, FA composition (red blood cell membranes/serum/adipose tissue, GC-MS/MS), and adipose gene expression (microarrays, quantitative PCR) were measured. While significant differences between treatments in relative change scores were found for systolic blood pressure (n-3 vs. n-6: -1.81% vs. 2.61%, P = 0.003), no differences between n-3 and n-6 were found for any circulatory inflammatory markers. However, compared with baseline, n-3 was followed by reductions in circulating TNF (-24.9%, P < 0.001), regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (-12.1%, P < 0.001), and macrophage inflammatory protein 1-beta (-12.5%, P = 0.014), and n-6 by lowered TNF (-18.8%, P < 0.001), regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (-7.37%, P = 0.027), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (-7.81%, P = 0.020), and macrophage inflammatory protein 1-beta (-14.2%, P = 0.010). Adipose tissue showed significant treatment differences in weight percent of EPA (n-3 vs. n-6: 50.2%∗ vs. -1.38%, P < 0.001, ∗: significant within-treatment change score), DHA (16.0%∗ vs. -3.67%, P < 0.001), and LA (-0.033 vs. 4.91%∗, P < 0.001). Adipose transcriptomics revealed overall downregulation of genes related to inflammatory processes after n-3 and upregulation after n-6, partly correlating with changes in circulatory markers. These data point to tissue-specific proinflammatory effects of high n-6 intake, but a net systemic anti-inflammatory effect as for n-3.

26 Mar 2025·Nutrition reviews

Impact of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Alcohol Use and Negative Consequences: A Systematic Review.

Article

Author: Carvajal, Francisca ; Sánchez-Gil, Ainhoa ; Rueda-Ruzafa, Lola ; Cardona, Diana ; Lerma-Cabrera, Jose Manuel

CONTEXTResearch suggests that alcohol consumption is associated with neuroinflammation, impacting brain regions associated with addiction and cognitive function. Long-chain omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), in particular docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have been proposed to have neuroprotective effects against alcohol, reversing synaptic deficits caused by alcohol and alleviating anxiety in animal models.OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of an n-3 intervention in ameliorating behavioral changes, biochemical alterations, and the inflammatory responses induced by alcohol consumption.DATA SOURCESA systematic review was performed using PubMed (Medline), Scopus, Web of Science, and OpenGrey databases. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed.DATA EXTRACTIONA total of 3829 records were identified. The records were subject to screening against the eligibility criteria, and the data extraction and risk-of-bias assessment were carried out by 2 investigators independently.DATA ANALYSISTwelve articles addressed n-3 PUFA interventions, and its effects on alcohol-related outcomes were finally included. Preclinical studies demonstrated that n-3 PUFAs improved behavioral, inflammation, lipid metabolism, and hepatic parameters altered by alcohol. However, clinical trials yielded inconclusive evidence.CONCLUSIONDespite the paucity of clinical and preclinical studies, available evidence suggests that n-3 PUFAs may exert a protective influence on alcohol-related outcomes at both the behavioral and molecular levels.SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATIONPROSPERO registration no. CRD42023443095.

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Indication	Highest Phase	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Autoimmune Diseases	Preclinical	China	Shanghai Tenry Pharmaceutical	21 Sep 2024

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