Schizophrenia and depression are psychiatric disorders with overlapping clinical and biological features. This study aimed to identify common and distinct neuropathological mechanisms in schizophrenia and depression patients using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The study included 28 patients with depression (DEP), 29 patients with schizophrenia (SCH), and 30 healthy control subjects (HC). Intrinsic connectivity contrast (ICC) was used to identify functional connectivity (FC) changes at the whole-brain level, and significant ICC differences were found in the bilateral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) across all three groups. Further seed-based FC analysis indicated that compared to the DEP and HC groups, the FC between bilateral OFC and medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), right anterior insula, and right middle frontal gyrus were significantly lower in the SCH group. Additionally, the FC between right OFC and left thalamus was decreased in both patient groups compared to the HC group. Correlation analysis showed that the FC between OFC and MPFC was positively correlated with cognitive function in the SCH group. These findings suggest that OFC connectivity plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and depression and may provide new insights into the potential neural mechanisms underlying these two disorders.

01 Feb 2023·Journal of Affective Disorders

Clinical correlates of autoimmune thyroiditis and non-autoimmune hypothyroidism in treatment-naïve patients with major depressive disorders

Article

Author: Zhang, Xiangyang ; Wang, Haitao ; Wu, Siqi ; Yue, Yan ; Du, Xiangdong ; Peng, Ruijie ; Xia, Xingzhi ; Yuan, Nian ; Yin, Ming ; Zhou, Yue ; Wu, Yuxuan ; Li, Ronghua ; Li, Zhe ; Zhao, Xueli ; Yang, Ruchang

BACKGROUNDThyroid autoimmunity is a potentially critical factor that is often neglected in the association between subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) and depressive disorders. This study aimed to investigate the clinical correlates of autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) and non-autoimmune hypothyroidism (NAIH) in treatment-naïve patients with major depressive disorder (MDD).METHODUsing a cross-sectional design, we recruited a total of 1718 outpatients with treatment-naïve MDD. Demographic and relevant clinical information including duration of MDD, severity of depression and anxiety, psychotic symptoms, suicide attempts, thyroid function parameters, etc. were collected. According to thyroid function parameters, patients were classified as AIT, NAIH, latent Hashimoto's thyroiditis (LH) and euthyroidism (ET).RESULTSPatients with SCH (including AIT and NAIH) had older age at onset, and were more likely to have psychotic symptoms compared to those with ET. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that SCH was associated with duration of MDD and HAMD scores. Logistic regression analysis showed that the odds of having more severe anxiety and metabolic syndrome were greater among patients with SCH compared to those with ET. The odds of having suicide attempts were greater among patients with AIT than among those with ET.LIMITATIONBecause of the cross-sectional design of this study, we were unable to sort out causality between MDD and SCH.CONCLUSIONOur findings suggested that AIT and NAIH were associated with duration of MDD, HAMD scores, severity of anxiety, and metabolic syndrome. However, only AIT in SCH was associated with suicide attempts.

01 Aug 2021·Comprehensive PsychiatryQ3 · MEDICINE

Group and sex differences in social cognition in bipolar disorder, schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder and healthy people

Q3 · MEDICINE

ArticleOA

Author: Cardoner, Narcís ; Crosas, Josep Maria ; Goldberg, Ximena ; Navarra-Ventura, Guillem ; Jodar, Mercè ; Cobo, Jesús ; Palao, Diego ; Serra-Blasco, Maria ; Vicent-Gil, Muriel ; Fernández-Gonzalo, Sol ; Vieta, Eduard ; Lahera, Guillermo ; Massons, Carmen ; Jubert, Abigail

BACKGROUNDImpairment of social cognition is documented in bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder (SCH). In healthy individuals, women perform better than men in some of its sub-domains. However, in BD and SCH the results are mixed. Our aim was to compare emotion recognition, affective Theory of Mind (ToM) and first- and second-order cognitive ToM in BD, SCH and healthy subjects, and to investigate sex-related differences.METHODS120 patients (BD = 60, SCH = 60) and 40 healthy subjects were recruited. Emotion recognition was assessed by the Pictures of Facial Affect (POFA) test, affective ToM by the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET) and cognitive ToM by several false-belief stories. Group and sex differences were analyzed using parametric (POFA, RMET) and non-parametric (false-belief stories) tests. The impact of age, intelligence quotient (IQ) and clinical variables on patient performance was examined using a series of linear/logistic regressions.RESULTSBoth groups of patients performed worse than healthy subjects on POFA, RMET and second-order false-belief (p < 0.001), but no differences were found between them. Instead, their deficits were related to older age and/or lower IQ (p < 0.01). Subthreshold depression was associated with a 6-fold increased risk of first-order false-belief failure (p < 0.001). Sex differences were only found in healthy subjects, with women outperforming men on POFA and RMET (p ≤ 0.012), but not on first/second-order false-belief.LIMITATIONSThe cross-sectional design does not allow for causal inferences.CONCLUSIONBD and SCH patients had deficits in emotion recognition, affective ToM, and second-order cognitive ToM, but their performance was comparable to each other, highlighting that the differences between them may be subtler than previously thought. First-order cognitive ToM remained intact, but subthreshold depression altered their normal functioning. Our results suggest that the advantage of healthy women in the emotional and affective aspects of social cognition would not be maintained in BD and SCH.

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Indication	Highest Phase	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Acute Kidney Injury	Preclinical	CN	Xi'an Jiaotong University	26 May 2024

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