Arsenious Acid

Fusarium graminearum is the most harmful pathogen associated with Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) disease in triticale. Among the strategies that can be envisaged for its control, the reuse of organic residues for the production of secondary metabolites from Streptomyces spp. is particularly promising. The study presented herein focuses on the assessment of the antagonistic capacity of the culture filtrates of Streptomyces rochei alone, with compost, with biochar or with both of them, and their culture filtrates against F. graminearum. Firstly, the secondary metabolites were characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, with 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural, 2-3 Butanediol, Oxime-, methoxy-phenyl and acid butanoic being the most abundant chemical species. Subsequently, the capacity of S. rochei to inhibit the growth of the pathogen was tested in dual culture plate assays, finding 83 % inhibition. Sporangial tests showed that the mixture of S. rochei and biochar can inhibit 100 % of sporangia germination. Micropot trials conducted on triticale using the crop filtrates not only inhibited pathogen growth with all treatments but also improved crop growth. Hence, the culture filtrates of biochar, compost, compost and biochar, and the selected Streptomyces spp. culture filtrates may be put forward as promising protection treatments for the sustainable control of fusariosis.

The aminated hydrous stannic oxide-polyacrylonitrile (Am-HSO-PAN) composite beads were developed for the efficient removal of arsenic species from contaminated water.These beads exhibited high adsorption capacities for both As(III) and As(V), with the amination of PAN significantly enhancing the adsorption of As(V).Adsorption experiments revealed that the beads maintained high efficiency within pHeq ranges of 2-9 for As(III) and 5-7 for As(V) and even in the presence of competing anions.The adsorption isotherms and kinetics indicated that As(III) and As(V) adsorption occurred through different mechanisms, with the beads showing maximum monolayer adsorption capacities of 33.0 mg/g for As(III) and 92.6 mg/g for As(V).Thermodn. anal. revealed that the adsorption process is endothermic and spontaneous.The beads also showed stable performance over multiple regeneration cycles, demonstrating their potential as a cost-effective and efficient adsorbent for arsenic removal.