This is a multi-center study. Neither the study subjects nor the physicians will know what treatment an individual subject is receiving. Subjects will be randomly assigned (like flipping a coin) to one of five treatment groups. The treatment groups include four different dosing groups of active study drug and one group of subjects who will receive placebo. A 12 week follow up period occurs after the 12 weeks of dosing. The study endpoint is a reduction in Hepatitis C viral load.

Start Date01 Jul 2003

Sponsor / Collaborator

United Therapeutics Corp.

100 Clinical Results associated with UT-231B

100 Translational Medicine associated with UT-231B

100 Patents (Medical) associated with UT-231B

Literatures (Medical) associated with UT-231B

01 Jan 2006·BMC MicrobiologyQ3 · BIOLOGY

The Bacillus anthracis cholesterol-dependent cytolysin, Anthrolysin O, kills human neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages.

Q3 · BIOLOGY

ArticleOA

Author: Richard F Rest ; Elise M Mosser

BACKGROUNDBacillus anthracis is an animal and human pathogen whose virulence is characterized by lethal and edema toxin, as well as a poly-glutamic acid capsule. In addition to these well characterized toxins, B. anthracis secretes several proteases and phospholipases, and a newly described toxin of the cholesterol-dependent cytolysin (CDC) family, Anthrolysin O (ALO).RESULTSIn the present studies we show that recombinant ALO (rALO) or native ALO, secreted by viable B. anthracis, is lethal to human primary polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), monocytes, monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs), lymphocytes, THP-1 monocytic human cell line and ME-180, Detroit 562, and A549 epithelial cells by trypan blue exclusion or lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release viability assays. ALO cytotoxicity is dose and time dependent and susceptibility to ALO-mediated lysis differs between cell types. In addition, the viability of monocytes and hMDMs was assayed in the presence of vegetative Sterne strains 7702 (ALO+), UT231 (ALO-), and a complemented strain expressing ALO, UT231 (pUTE544), and was dependent upon the expression of ALO. Cytotoxicity of rALO is seen as low as 0.070 nM in the absence of serum. All direct cytotoxic activity is inhibited by the addition of cholesterol or serum concentration as low as 10%.CONCLUSIONThe lethality of rALO and native ALO on human monocytes, neutrophils, macrophages and lymphocytes supports the idea that ALO may represent a previously unidentified virulence factor of B. anthracis. The study of other factors produced by B. anthracis, along with the major anthrax toxins, will lead to a better understanding of this bacterium's pathogenesis, as well as provide information for the development of antitoxin vaccines for treating and preventing anthrax.

100 Deals associated with UT-231B

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Indication	Highest Phase	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Hepatitis C	Phase 2	-	University of Oxford	-
Hepatitis C	Phase 2	-	University of Oxford	-

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