OBJECTIVEIncreased risk of occupational exposure to bioaerosols has long been recognized in livestock operations including dairy facilities. Spanning the inhalable fraction (0-100 μm), dairy bioaerosols comprise a wide variety of inflammatory components that deposit in the nasopharyngeal region. The resultant inflammatory response from bioaerosol exposure is likely driving the increased prevalence of respiratory disease observed in dairy workers. It is also thought the microbiome of the upper respiratory system may help mediate this inflammation. We investigated the viability of a low-cost hypertonic saline nasal rinse intervention in modulating inflammatory responses in bioaerosol exposed dairy workers and its impact on microbial diversity.METHODSPre- and post-shift nasal rinses were administered and collected alongside full shift inhalable personal breathing zone (PBZ) samples for each participant for up to 5 consecutive days. Treatment group participants (n = 23) received hypertonic saline rinses while control group participants (n = 22) received normotonic saline rinses. Particulate matter (PM) and endotoxin concentrations were quantified from PBZ samples using gravimetric and enzymatic analytical methods, respectively. Pre- and post-shift rinses were analyzed for pro- and anti-inflammatory markers and microbial diversity using a multiplex assay and 16S rRNA sequencing, respectively.RESULTSPM and endotoxin concentrations were comparable between groups indicating similar exposures. Post-shift pro-inflammatory markers were significantly higher than pre-shift for IL-13 (p = .047), IL-1β (p < .001), IL-6 (p < .001), IL-8 (p < .001), and TNF-α (p = .024). There was no evidence of a difference in log concentrations between intervention group or day among any of the measured inflammatory markers. Anti-inflammatory IL-10 concentrations increased across the 5 sample days, independent of treatment group suggesting tonicity may not be driving the change. However, this result was not significant (p = .217). Nasal microbiome alpha (within sample) and beta (between sample) diversity metrics did not differ significantly between group or day demonstrating no adverse washout intervention effects.CONCLUSIONThis study provided encouraging results that warrant future research to further evaluate saline nasal rinses as a workplace intervention.

01 Jan 2025·Food Control

National long-term monitoring and risk assessment of various veterinary drug residues in livestock products in the Republic of Korea

Author: Eom, Mi Ok ; Shin, Dong-Woo ; Kim, Ji Young ; Park, Dahae ; Kim, Yu Ra ; Sim, Jin Ha ; Lee, Hyesu

Veterinary drugs are widely used to treat livestock diseases, but the emergence of problems related to drug resistance prompted the government of the Republic of Korea to enact laws regulating the use of veterinary drugs in livestock.Monitoring the contents of residual drugs in livestock products at regular intervals is necessary to assess whether the regulations have resulted in the effective management of food product safety and prevent and manage unexpected problems related to this issue.A 2019-2023 livestock product post-marketing monitoring program launched by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS) of the Republic of Korea inspected 1135 livestock products.Sixty-two different veterinary drugs were detected among 167 monitored, with a detection rate of 28.2% (320/1135 samples; chicken [125], pork [114], milk [35], beef [30], and egg [16]).Diclazuril was detected most frequently, followed by flumequine, clopidol, and enrofloxacin.Over the past five years, two samples that did not conform to the regulations were identified to contain 20 and 215 ng/g, diclazuril and toltrazuril sulfone, resp.The estimation of exposure and risk assessment revealed that the hazard index of diclazuril was below 75%.However, in case of toltrazuril sulfone, it showed a hazard index exceeding 138% in the scenario of the 95th percentile high consumption of chicken.The results of this study may provide a useful reference in initiating more targeted work in the future, such as the further fine-tuning of food safety monitoring programs and developing food safety standardsIn future studies, the MFDS shall continue to monitor the statuses of residual veterinary drugs in com. livestock products.

05 Sep 2024·Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine

PHARMACOKINETIC PROFILES OF ORAL PHENYLBUTAZONE, MELOXICAM, AND FIROCOXIB IN SOUTHERN BLACK RHINOCEROS (DICEROS BICORNIS MINOR)

Article

Author: Bryant, Benn ; Kimble, Benjamin ; Govendir, Merran ; Campbell-Ward, Michelle

The pharmacokinetic profile of selected NSAIDs in southern black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis minor) were studied. Phenylbutazone (PBZ), meloxicam (MEL), and firocoxib (FIR) were administered orally to five captive, black rhinoceros, and blood was collected at predetermined time points for NSAID quantification and noncompartmental pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis. Phenylbutazone 4.0 mg/kg PO q12h for three doses, MEL 0.3 mg/kg PO q24h administered twice, and a single oral dose of FIR 0.1 mg/kg, were tested with a minimum washout time of 2 wk. PBZ reached a median (range) peak concentration (C_max) of 9.42 (2.74-11.5) g/ml at a mean (range) time (T_max) of 6.00 (4.00 to >12.00) h, and the median (range) elimination half-life (T_1/2) was 6.07 (3.95-6.49) h. Phenylbutazone pharmacokinetic parameters for black rhinoceros in this study were similar to domestic horses. Meloxicam reached a median (range) C_max of 0.576 (0.357-0.655) µg/ml at a median (range) time (T_max) of 6.00 (4.00-12.00) h; the median (range) T_1/2 of MEL was 14.0 (12.4-17.9) h. These results demonstrate that once-daily administration of MEL at 0.3 mg/kg resulted in a serum concentration of greater than 0.200 µg/ml from 2 to 24 h in four animals, which is within the analgesic range (0.200-0.400 µg/ml) for this drug in other species postulated by other studies. A single dose of firocoxib (0.1 mg/kg) reached a median (range) peak concentration (C_max) of 15.7 (9.65-17.3) ng/ml at a median (range) T_max of 4.00 (4.00-6.00) h. The median (range) elimination T_1/2 of FIR was 4.96 (4.47-6.51) h, which is faster than in the horse. The data suggest that extrapolation from equine FIR dosage recommendations is inappropriate for black rhinoceros.

100 Deals associated with Tripelennamine Hydrochloride

External Link

KEGG	Wiki	ATC	Drug Bank
D02091	Tripelennamine Hydrochloride	R06AC04 D04AA04	DB00792

R&D Status

10 top approved records.

to view more data

Indication	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Asthma	China	CSPC Ouyi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.	01 Jan 1995
Dermatitis	China	CSPC Ouyi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.	01 Jan 1995
Eczema	China	CSPC Ouyi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.	01 Jan 1995
Hypersensitivity	China	CSPC Ouyi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.	01 Jan 1995
Rhinitis, Allergic	China	CSPC Ouyi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.	01 Jan 1995
Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal	China	CSPC Ouyi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.	01 Jan 1995
Urticaria	China	CSPC Ouyi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.	01 Jan 1995

Clinical Result

Indication

Phase

Evaluation

View All Results

Translational Medicine

Boost your research with our translational medicine data.

view full example data

Deal

Boost your decision using our deal data.

view full example data

Core Patent

Boost your research with our Core Patent data.

view full example data

Clinical Trial

Identify the latest clinical trials across global registries.

view full example data

Approval

Accelerate your research with the latest regulatory approval information.

view full example data

Regulation

Understand key drug designations in just a few clicks with Synapse.

view full example data

Chat with Hiro

Get started for free today!

Accelerate Strategic R&D decision making with Synapse, PatSnap’s AI-powered Connected Innovation Intelligence Platform Built for Life Sciences Professionals.

Start your data trial now!

Synapse data is also accessible to external entities via APIs or data packages. Empower better decisions with the latest in pharmaceutical intelligence.

Bio

Bio Sequences Search & Analysis

Chemical

Chemical Structures Search & Analysis