Spontaneous hematoma of the thigh associated with antiproteinase-3 antibody in a patient with metastatic squamous cell carcinoma treated with nivolumab

Q4 · MEDICINE

Article

Author: Hu, Eddie H. ; Keung, Yi-Kong

We report an unusual case of spontaneous intramuscular hematoma associated with antiproteinase 3 antibody in a patient with metastatic squamous cell carcinoma receiving nivolumab and the medical literature is reviewed.

01 Jun 2016·American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver PhysiologyQ3 · MEDICINE

Role of muscarinic-3 receptor antibody in systemic sclerosis: correlation with disease duration and effects of IVIG

Q3 · MEDICINE

Article

Author: Mendoza, Fabian ; Cohen, Sidney ; Singh, Jagmohan ; DiMarino, Anthony J. ; Blomain, Erik S. ; Kedika, Ramalinga ; Rattan, Satish ; Kumar, Sumit ; Jimenez, Sergio A.

Gastrointestinal dysmotility in systemic sclerosis (SSc) is associated with autoantibodies against muscarinic-3 receptor (M3-R). We investigated the temporal course of the site of action of these autoantibodies at the myenteric neurons (MN) vs. the smooth muscle (SM) M3-R in relation to disease duration, and determined the role of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in reversing these changes. Immunoglobulins purified from SSc patients (SScIgG) were used to assess their differential binding to MN and SM (from rat colon) employing immunohistochemistry (IHC). Effect of SScIgG on neural and direct muscle contraction was determined by cholinergic nerve stimulation and bethanechol-induced SM contraction. Effects of IVIG and its antigen-binding fragment F(ab′)2 on SScIgG binding were studied by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of rat colonic longitudinal SM myenteric plexus (LSMMP) lysate and to second extracellular loop peptide of M3-R (M3-RL2). SScIgG from all patients demonstrated significantly higher binding to MN than to SM. With progression of SSc duration, binding at MN and SM increased in a linear fashion with a correlation coefficient of 0.696 and 0.726, respectively ( P < 0.05). SScIgG-mediated attenuation of neural and direct SM contraction also increased with disease duration. ELISA analysis revealed that IVIG and F(ab′)2 significantly reduced SScIgG binding to LSMMP lysate and M3-RL2. Dysmotility in SSc occurs sequentially, beginning with SScIgG-induced blockage of cholinergic neurotransmission (neuropathy), which progresses to inhibition of acetylcholine action at the SM cell (myopathy). IVIG reverses this cholinergic dysfunction at the neural and myogenic receptors by anti-idiotypic neutralization of SScIgG.

01 May 2008·Cancer Biology & TherapyQ3 · MEDICINE

Monoclonal antibodies target intracellular PRL phosphatases to inhibit cancer metastases in mice

Q3 · MEDICINE

Article

Author: Tan, Cheng Peow Bobby ; Guo, Ke ; Li, Jie ; Wang, Haihe ; Tang, Jing Ping ; Zeng, Qi

PRL-1 (phosphatase of regenerating liver-1), PRL-2 and PRL-3 are protein tyrosine phosphatases with a C-terminal prenylation motif that are localized to the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane and early endosomes. A variety of metastatic PRL-overexpressing cancers have been reported. Therefore, the three PRL-phosphatases represent an intriguing group of proteins being validated as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in cancer. Targeting intracellular PRLs to prevent cancer metastasis by exogenous reagents is a challenging task. In an attempt to destroy PRL-overexpressing cancer cells with their respective PRL-antibodies, we generated an animal model that allows rapid formation of aggressive metastatic tumors caused by inoculation of PRL-1- or PRL-3-expressing cells. Surprisingly, mice treated with PRL-1 or PRL-3 mAbs show inhibition of tumor formation by approximately 90% compared to untreated mice. Here we provide the first examples that PRL-1 and PRL-3 mAbs are able to target their respective phosphatases specifically and efficiently despite their intracellular localization to block cancer metastasis in experimental animals. Furthermore, we also demonstrate that PRL-1 mAb specifically blocks the formation of metastatic tumors formed by PRL-1- (but not PRL-3-) expressing cells; while PRL-3 mAb specifically blocks tumor formation of PRL-3- (but not PRL-1-) expressing cells. More importantly, we show that metastatic tumor formation by A2780 human ovarian cancer cells that express endogenous PRL-3 is dramatically blocked by PRL-3 antibodies. In contrast, the PRL-3 antibody treatment has no effect on tumor formation of CT26 mouse colon cancer cells which do not naturally express PRL-3 protein. Our data provide hope for the treatment of PRL-expressing cancers and will prompt a reevaluation of a wide spectrum of intracellular oncoproteins as possible targets with mAbs for anticancer therapy.

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