Phytoestrogens are plant-derived compounds resembling human estrogen and have
recently gained attention due to their potential role in improving cardiovascular health. These
compounds exert their effects through various mechanisms, including interactions with estrogen
receptors, growth factor receptors, inflammatory mediators, thrombogenic reactions, and apoptotic
pathways. This results in cardioprotective effects like modulating endothelial function, decreasing
vessel tone, reducing inflammation, altering lipid profiles, and influencing arrhythmogenesis.
Recent studies indicate the intricate and multidimensional association between phytoestrogens
and cardiovascular disease. Despite the overwhelming evidence that phytoestrogen intake
lowers the risk of myocardial infarction (MI), prevents atherosclerosis, improves cardiac
function, prevents hypertension, and reduces the risk of arrhythmias, there have been studies that
show contradictory outcomes. For this reason, the therapeutic use of phytoestrogens for the
treatment of cardiovascular diseases, which appears to be extremely promising, should be handled
cautiously, considering the individual variances, dosage, and the specific components of
phytoestrogens. This review consolidates findings on the effects of phytoestrogens on the heart
and blood vessels, explores the mechanisms behind these interactions, and seeks to determine the
best methods for using phytoestrogens as a supplement in managing and preventing cardiovascular
disease. By understanding these aspects, we can better evaluate the potential of phytoestrogens
in cardiovascular health and develop guidelines for their safe and effective use.