Niflumic Acid

Feed conversion efficiency (FCE) is one of the crucial indicators for evaluating the economic benefits of aquaculture.Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) is an economically important freshwater fish in China with great aquaculture scale and yield.In this study, 240 largemouth bass were individually cultured with com. feeds for 60 days, and the FCE of each fish was calculated at the end of the experimentAn integrated anal. of transcriptomics and metabolomics on the brains of the individuals with Low-FCE and High-FCE were performed to clarify the regulatory mechanism of FCE in largemouth bass.The transcriptome showed that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mainly associated with the superoxide metabolic process, superoxide-producing NADPH oxidase activator activity, adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, and MAPK signaling pathway, suggesting that the High-FCE group demonstrated higher capacities in antioxidation, anti-inflammation, immunity, and cell signal transduction.Addnl., some key DEGs including pik3r5, lrrc3l, carl, chrm4b, and plaat1l, probably played a crucial role in the regulation of FCE.The metabolome revealed that some differential metabolites (DMs) related to metabolic pathways, such as amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and lipid metabolism, were significantly up-regulated in the High-FCE group, indicating the increased levels of nutritional metabolism may result in the higher FCE.The integrated anal. of transcriptomics and metabolomics revealed that the significant up-regulation of the ether lipid metabolism and purine metabolism, and the increased content of the DM Pro-Glu, may contribute to the improvement of FCE.These results suggested that the enhanced nutritional metabolism, immune response, and antioxidant capacity may lead to the improvement of FCE.This study contributed to a better understanding of the regulatory mechanism of different FCE and laid a theor. basis for aquaculture and artificial selective breeding of largemouth bass with higher FCE.