ObjectiveTo investigate the potential influence of anatomical variation in the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) on the occurrence and severity of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL).MethodsNinety ISSNHL patients were enrolled. The anatomical location of the AICA was exhibited using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and the various AICA types classified by previously reported Chavda and Gorrie methods were analyzed. The severity of hearing loss in the ipsilateral ear among different AICA types was compared.ResultsApproximately 85.6% of subjects had unilateral ISSNHL (uISSNHL), and the others had bilateral ISSNHL (bISSNHL). In the uISSNHL group, the ratios of different AICA types were similar between the ipsilateral and contralateral ears. The ratios of the different AICA types in the bISSNHL group were similar to those in the uISSNHL group. In the uISSNHL group, pure tone audiometry (PTA) thresholds at 2 kHz, 4 kHz and 8 kHz of patients with Chavda type II AICA were higher than those of patients with Chavda type I and type III, with a significant difference at 4 kHz between type I and type II. There was a tendency of the PTA threshold in patients with Chavda type II or Gorrie type C to gradually increase from low to high frequency zones.ConclusionWhen the AICA enters the IAC (Chavda type II) or crosses between the 7th and 8th cranial nerves (Gorrie type C), the severity and frequency of hearing impairment in ISSNHL but not the occurrence of ISSNHL will be affected.

01 Oct 2023·Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery

Predictors of Multi‐Vessel Identification, Outcome, and Optimal Surgical Timing for Microvascular Decompression in Hemifacial Spasm

Review

Author: Ghaffari-Rafi, Arash ; Leon-Rojas, Jose ; Shahlaie, Kiarash ; Choi, So Yung

OBJECTIVES AND BACKGROUNDHemifacial spasm (HFS) is a disabling condition that imposes significant burden upon patients. Microvascular decompression (MVD) surgery is the most effective and long-lasting treatment for HFS, but outcomes following this surgery may vary based on a variety of clinical and operative factors. A more thorough understanding of the variables that impact patient outcome after MVD surgery is needed.METHODSA systematic review and meta-analysis of Medline, Embase, and Central was conducted (n = 2108 screened; n = 86 included) with the goal of determining the impact of the following variables on outcome: duration of disease, geographic location, intraoperative use of an endoscope, and intraoperative finding of single versus multi-vessel neurovascular compression.RESULTSMost cases of hemifacial spasm occur on the left side (53.9%, p < 0.001) and are more common in women than men (66.5% versus 33.5%, p < 0.0001). The offending vessel frequencies were: 40.8% anterior inferior cerebellar artery [AICA], 24.9% posterior inferior cerebellar artery [PICA], 17.2% multiple vessels, and 4.7% vertebral artery [VA]. Multiple vessel combinations involved: 26.5% PICA + AICA, 24.6% PICA + VA, 23.1% AICA + VA, and 4.7% AICA + PICA + VA. Relative to the Americas, AICA was less frequent in Europe (p = 0.005), while PICA more frequent in Europe (p = 0.009) and Asia (p < 0.0001). With endoscope assistance, frequency of multiple vessels identified was 31.7% (versus 14.7% with non-endoscopic, p = 0.005), and 27.4% for AICA (43.5% with non-endoscopic, p = 0.003). Spasm improvement was 94.1% near discharge and 96.0% at maximum follow-up. Complications occurred in 16.5% of cases, with spasm recurrence in 2.4%. Greatest frequency of spasm improvement (p < 0.0001) and lowest spasm recurrence rates (p = 0.0005) were reported in series from Asia. For every additional month of pre-operative spasm, the effect size of post-operative improvement decreased (p = 0.04). With every subsequent postoperative month, the effect size of spasm improvement increased (p = 0.0497). The frequency of spasm improvement was significantly higher in series published after 2005 (94.4% versus 97.4%, p = 0.005).CONCLUSIONClinical outcomes following MVD for HFS have improved since 2005. Consideration should be given to earlier operation (shorter disease duration) and use of an endoscope may increase detection of multiple offending vessels. Further studies are needed to understand regional differences in culprit vessel incidence and surgical outcomes in the Americas, Europe, and Asia.

18 Sep 2023·Operative Neurosurgery

Anatomic Variants in the Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Encountered During Resection of Vestibular Schwannomas

Article

Author: Dornhoffer, James R. ; Link, Michael J. ; Carlson, Matthew L. ; Randall, Nicholas R. ; Carlstrom, Lucas P. ; Peris Celda, Maria ; Driscoll, Colin L. ; Van Gompel, Jamie J.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Vestibular schwannomas (VS) are often phenotypically benign lesions that may be technically challenging to resect because of involvement of neurovascular structures. The anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) is commonly identified near VS, with variable position in relation to the tumor; however, little published literature describes anatomic and pathologic variants of AICA observed during VS resection.METHODS:A prospectively maintained cohort of surgically managed VS with available operative reports and clinical/radiographic follow-up was queried and reviewed for noted aberrations.RESULTS:We identified 66 cases with noted AICA abnormalities among 880 reviewer cases, including 20 loops extending into the internal auditory canal (2.3%), 18 arteries embedded in dura (2.0%), 15 AICA branches directly within VS (1.7%), 8 main trunk arteries coursing between cranial nerves 7 and 8 (0.9%), 3 arteries embedded in temporal bone (0.2%), 1 aneurysm (0.1%), and 1 artery bifurcating cranial nerve 6 (0.1%). The median age of AICA-variant patients was 55 years (range 19-74), and 29 were female (45%). Compared with the other AICA variants, tumors embedded with AICA tended to be larger lesions on maximal axial diameter (2.9 vs 1.6 cm; P = .006), they more commonly underwent less than total resection (73% vs 28%; P = .0001), and they had higher rates postoperative House-Brackmann scores >2 (47% vs 20%; P = .005). Two patients had radiographic and symptomatic postoperative cerebral ischemia or hemorrhage—1 from a bone-encased AICA and 1 from a dural embedded variant.CONCLUSION:Anatomic variants of AICA occur in approximately 7% of VS operations. Most aberrations do not affect surgical or clinical outcomes, and the rate of major vascular injury was low. However, certain types variably add operative time and in the case of AICA encasement in the tumor, likely indicate a more aggressive tumor phenotype with lower rates of gross total resection and high incidences of facial nerve weakness.

100 Deals associated with Orazamide

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KEGG	Wiki	ATC	Drug Bank
D08298	-	A05BA	-

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