Experiments with white mongrel rats (both females and males) showed that nootropic substances, i.e. sodium hydroxybutyrate, pyracetam, oxyracetam, aniracetam, centrophinoxine, nooglutyl, mexydol, semax, amide L-pyroglutamyl-D-alanine, and MK-801, a specific noncontesting antagonist of the NMDA-receptor complex, significantly increased survivability of the animals following bilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries. The nootrops prevented, partly or completely, mnestic disorders in the experimental rats. In contrast, MK-801 profoundly aggravated these disorders. Similar results were obtained with a model of hypoxic amnesia. Except for N-acetylglycine amide and amide L-pyroglutamyl-D-alanine, the nootrops fully or to a considerable extent blocked the development of mnestic disorders in hypoxic rats. The authors recommend novel nootrops (nooglutyl, mexidol, semax and GVS-111) for the pharmacological correction of mnestic disorders consequent to hypoxia or cerebral ischemia.

01 Jan 1998·Vestnik Rossiiskoi akademii meditsinskikh nauk

[New trends in the search for nootropic preparations].

Review

Author: Voronina, T A

The paper describes the effects of the new nootropic agents nooglutyl and glycine N-phenyl-L-prolyl ethyl ester (GVS-111). Nooglutyl, a derivative of L-glutamic and oxynicotinic acids, that has glutamatergic effects is a highly active drug in treating disturbances of memory and learning, protecting against ischemic neuronal damage and brain injury. GVS-111 is a substituted prolyl dipeptide that has the properties of enhancing cognitive functions and is able to prevent the learning impairment provoked by shock, scopolamine, brain injury, and other damages. Multimodal mechanisms responsible for the nootropic effects of nooglutyl and GVS-111.

Eksperimental'naia i klinicheskaia farmakologiia

[Effect of phenyl-tert-butylnitrone, mexidol and nooglutil on the ischemic lesion zone and memory in rats following middle cerebral artery occlusion].

Article

Author: Kalenikova, E I ; Galaeva, I P ; Voronina, T A ; Kraĭneva, V A ; Povarova, O V ; Garibova, T L ; Medvedev, O S

An ischemic cerebral affection zone amounting to 22.51 +/- 3.0% of the ipsilateral hemisphere volume was found on the frontal brain sections in the frontoparietal cortex of rats 72 h after occlusion of the distal branch of the medial cerebral artery. The new nootropic drug nooglutyl [N-(5-hydroxynicotinoyl)-L-glutamic acid] in a dose of 10 mg/kg, as well as mexidol or phenyl-tert-butylnitrone (PBN) in a dose of 100 mg/kg, introduced into the vein at the moment of occlusion and intraperitoneally for two days after operation, effectively restricted the affected zone: nooglutyl, up to 7.6 +/- 2.28%; mexidol, up to 9.55 +/- 1.9%; and PBN, up to 12.8 +/- 1.7% of the ipsilateral hemisphere volume. On the third day after operation, animals preliminarily learnt to the passive avoidance conditioned reflex exhibited violated memory retrieval. The retrieval was significantly improved in the test animals treated with mexidol and especially nooglutyl.

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Indication	Highest Phase	Country/Location	Organization	Date
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