Cynaroside

The therapeutic potential of Olea europaea L. leaf in hepatitis is recognized, yet its active constituents against metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), a specific form of hepatitis driven by metabolic disturbances, remain poorly defined. This study integrated HPLC fingerprinting of Olea europaea L. leaf extracts (OLE) with chemometrics and bioactivity profiling to identify anti-MASH components. Bioactivity was assessed using a palmitic acid-induced steatohepatitis model in L02 cells. Spectrum-effect relationships derived from pearson correlation and partial least squares regression highlighted four putative active compounds, designated P7, P8, P10, and P11. HPLC-MS identified these as cynaroside (P7), apigenin-7-O-glucoside (P8), oleuroside (P10), and ligustroside (P11). Subsequent in vitro and in vivo evaluations in a zebrafish MASH model confirmed that P7, P8, and P10 exhibited significant anti-MASH activity. Notably, a robust synergism was observed between cynaroside and oleuroside, which their 1:1 M combination yielded a ZIP synergy score of 11.965 and a combination index (CI) of 0.3151, indicating strong synergy at lower doses. These results identify key anti-MASH constituents in OLE and provide a mechanistic basis for using multi-component OLE, highlighting a synergistic approach for MASH management.

Long-term exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation causes corneal damage. Medicinal plants with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects may be protective against corneal damage. This study was conducted to investigate the antioxidant activity, therapeutic potential in corneal damage and phytochemical content of Lavandula x intermedia. The antioxidant activity of the extract was evaluated by metal chelation capacity, antioxidant capacity, reducing power, ABTS and DPPH scavenging effect tests. The chemical composition of the extract was analyzed by LC-MS/MS. The effect of the extract on rats was investigated by macroscopic, immunohistochemical, histopathological and genetic studies. The extract was found to have strong DPPH scavenging effect, moderate ABTS scavenging effect and metal chelation capacity. LC-MS/MS results revealed that cynaroside, cosmosiin and rosmarinic acid were the most abundant in the extract. Histopathological findings revealed a significant reduction in both corneal defect and inflammation in the extract group. According to the immunohistochemical analysis results, the decrease in IL-1β and Cox-1 expression in the extract group was found to be significant compared to the damage group. SIRT1 values were significant in the extract group compared to the vehicle and control groups (p < 0.05). In conclusion, this study revealed that L. x intermedia extract accelerated corneal healing against UVB-induced corneal damage.