AbstractThe critical role of double hydrogen bonds was addressed for the aerobic α‐hydroxylation of ketones catalyzed by 1,5,7‐triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec‐5‐ene (TBD), in the absence of either a metal catalyst or phosphine reductant. Experimental and theoretical investigations were performed to study the mechanism. In addition to initiating the reaction by proton abstraction, a more important role of TBD was revealed, that is, to enhance the oxidizing ability of peroxide intermediates, allowing DMSO to be used rather than commonly used phosphine reductants. Further characterizations with nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY) confirmed the presence of double hydrogen bonds between TBD and the ketone, and kinetic studies suggested the attack of dioxygen on the TBD‐enol adduct to be the rate‐determining step. This work should encourage the application of TBD as a catalyst for oxidations.

01 Jan 2016·Dental Materials Journal

Toothbrushing alters the surface roughness and gloss of composite resin CAD/CAM blocks

Article

Author: TAKAHASHI, Hidekazu ; LAUVAHUTANON, Sasipin ; ARKSORNNUKIT, Mansuang ; KAMONKHANTIKUL, Krid

This study investigated the surface roughness and gloss of composite resin CAD/CAM blocks after toothbrushing. Five composite resin blocks (Block HC, Cerasmart, Gradia Block, KZR-CAD Hybrid Resin Block, and Lava Ultimate), one hybrid ceramic (Vita Enamic), one feldspar ceramic (Vitablocs Mark II), one PMMA block (Telio CAD), and one conventional composite resin (Filtek Z350 XT) were evaluated. Surface roughness (Ra) and gloss were determined for each group of materials (n=6) after silicon carbide paper (P4000) grinding, 10k, 20k, and 40k toothbrushing cycles. One-way repeated measures ANOVA indicated significant differences in the Ra and gloss of each material except for the Ra of GRA. After 40k toothbrushing cycles, the Ra of BLO and TEL showed significant increases, while CER, KZR, ULT, and Z350 showed significant decreases. GRA, ENA, and VIT maintained their Ra. All of the materials tested, except CER, demonstrated significant decreases in gloss after 40k toothbrushing cycles.

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Indication	Highest Phase	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Autoimmune Diseases	Preclinical	US	Kezar Life Sciences, Inc.	-
Neoplasms	Preclinical	US	Kezar Life Sciences, Inc.	-

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