Author: Yang, Qihui ; Liu, Yucheng ; Xie, Shiwei ; Zhang, Shuang ; Qu, Kangyuan ; Tan, Beiping ; Ma, Yuxuan ; Liu, Hongyu ; Li, Yunzhen ; Song, Jiahao

A 25-day experiment assessed the optimal methionine requirements for postlarval shrimp litopenaeus vannamei (initial weight: 1.3 mg) using five diets with consistent protein and lipid content but different methionine levels (0.86-1.32%).Dietary methionine levels did not significantly impact growth performance and body composition; however, the control group exhibited higher survival rates.Groups M1 and M2 showed increased antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD and T-AOC) and decreased MDA levels.Dietary methionine supplementation activates immune-related genes (toll, dorsal, relish, and myd88), potentially enhancing immune function.The lipid metabolism genes (srebp, acc1, ampk, and cpt-1) exhibited significant upregulation in the M2 and M3 groups, indicating metabolic changes to meet energy demands.In the M1 group, odc-antizym was upregulated while sam-synth was downregulated, indicating alterations in methionine cycle regulation and cellular methylation.Metabolomic anal. revealed that the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, the pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism, and other metabolic pathways associated with bile acid metabolism exhibited enhanced activity in the M2 group relative to the M0 group.Concurrently, the levels of methionine and cholesterol were markedly diminished in the M2 group.When the low salt stress lasted for 4 h, there was a significant difference in survival rate among the groups.Quadratic polynomial regression anal. was conducted on the percent weight gain (WG), and a folded model anal. was performed on the survival rate after low salt stress to determine the ideal dietary methionine levels as 1.13% and 1.19%, resp.

01 Jun 2025·Animal Nutrition

Different types of bile acids exhibit opposite regulatory effects on lipid metabolism in finishing pigs through bile acid receptors

Article

Author: Zheng, Ping ; Yu, Bing ; Wu, Aimin ; Yu, Jie ; He, Jun ; Yan, Hui ; Luo, Junqiu ; Sang, Ni ; Chen, Daiwen ; Luo, Yuheng ; Pu, Junning ; Hu, Yaolian

The purpose of this research was to investigate how different bile acids impact lipid metabolism and carcass characteristics in finishing pigs, along with the potential mechanisms involved. Twenty-one finishing pigs (Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire [DLY]; average BW = 144.38 ± 8.92 kg) were assigned to three dietary treatments, with each treatment containing seven replicates, each consisting of one pig. The three dietary treatments included: a basic diet, a basic diet supplemented with 500 mg/kg of hyodeoxycholic acid (HDCA), and a basic diet supplemented with 500 mg/kg of lithocholic acid (LCA). The trial lasted for 28 d. Hyodeoxycholic acid was used in the in vitro experiments and added to mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes for 4 d to elucidate the mechanism by which bile acids regulate lipid metabolism. The results suggested that HDCA tended to decrease backfat thickness in finishing pigs (P = 0.094) and reduced the size of lipid droplets in 3T3-L1 adipocytes (P = 0.012), whereas LCA increased backfat thickness (P = 0.016) and induced larger lipid droplets in the abdominal adipose tissue (P = 0.003). Furthermore, HDCA enhanced the expression of Takeda G-protein-coupled receptor 5 protein and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) gene in backfat of pigs (P < 0.05) and increased the protein expression of phosphorylated HSL (p-HSL) in vitro (P = 0.093). Compared to HDCA, LCA addition increased the gene and protein expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma in backfat of pigs (P < 0.05) and enhanced the expression of hepatic genes sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c and fatty acid synthase (P < 0.05). In conclusion, HDCA enhanced lipolysis and partially decreased backfat thickness in finishing pigs, while LCA promoted lipid synthesis and increased backfat thickness of pigs. The variations in the effects of various bile acids on bile acid receptors could explain these functional differences.

01 May 2025·The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry

Resistant starch inhibits high-fat diet-induced oncogenic responses in the colon of C57BL/6 mice

Article

Author: Safratowich, Bryan D ; Zeng, Huawei ; Bukowski, Michael R ; Liu, Zhenhua

The beneficial effects of dietary fiber for colon health may be due to short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), such as butyrate, produced by colonic bacterial fermentation. In contrast, obesogenic diet induced obesity is linked to increased colon cancer incidence. We hypothesize that increasing fiber intake promotes healthy microbiome and reduces bacterial dysbiosis and oncogenic signaling in the colon of mice fed an obesogenic diet. About 5-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were assigned to 5 dietary groups (n=22/group) for 24 weeks:(1) AIN93G as a control diet (AIN); (2) a high fat diet (HFD, 45% energy fat); (3) HFD+5% resistant starch enriched dietary fiber (RSF) from maize; (4) HFD+10%RSF; or (5) HFD+20%RSF. Compared to the AIN group, mice receiving the HFD exhibited more than 15% increase in body mass and body fat composition irrespective of RSF dosage. However, the HFD+RSF groups exhibited an increase (>300%) of fecal butyrate but a decrease (>45%) of secondary bile acids in a RSF dose-dependent manner over the HFD group. Similarly, there were concomitant decreases (>25%) in pro-inflammatory plasma cytokines (TNFα, IL-6 and MCP-1), β-catenin and Ki67 protein staining in the colon of the HFD+20%RSF group relative to the HFD group. Furthermore, the abundance of colonic Proteobacteria, signatures of dysbiosis, was decreased (>63%) in a RSF dose-dependent manner compared to the HFD. Collectively, these data indicate that RSF not only increases butyrate but also reduces secondary bile acids, bacterial dysbiosis and β-catenin in the colon of mice fed a HFD.

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Indication	Highest Phase	Country/Location	Organization	Date
disorder of aging	Preclinical	China	Xiamen University	18 Dec 2024

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