A new antiviral antibiotic S-15-1 was produced by Streptomyces S-15-1 isolated from a soil sample.This product was characterized as a new streptothricin group antibiotic.It exhibited in vitro activity against Newcastle disease virus gram-pos. and gram-neg. bacteria, and some yeasts.A previously described method was used for amino acid autoanal. of S-15-1 and racemomycin hydrolysates.Close agreement was observed with these antibiotics for peaks 1, 2, and 3 corresponding to an amino sugar, β-lysin, and streptolidine, resp.Peak 1 had a somewhat slower mobility than reference D-glucosamine.Neither racemomycin nor S-15-1 produced a component which corresponds to glycine (or N-methyl glycine) which was reported in hydrolyzates of the new streptothricin group antibiotics E-749C, SF-701, and LL-AB 664.The 40-hr hydrolyzate of S-15-1 contained an identified component (peak 2) not observed in racemomycin hydrolyzates.Although it was not possible to resolve the components sufficiently for quant. anal., the data differentiate S-15-1 antibiotic from racemomycin, E-749C, SF-701, and LL-AB664.