Dexloxiglumide

"Functional dyspepsia" has been defined loosely as "pain or discomfort centered in the upper abdomen." The symptoms can also include fullness, early satiety, bloating, belching, nausea, retching and vomiting. These symptoms may present with or without the co-existence of symptoms of heartburn or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Functional dyspepsia is a diagnosis of exclusion in which other disease states, such as ulcer, cancer, etc. are ruled out and the source of the pain is unknown.
The standard of care for most patients presenting with dyspeptic symptoms has been with proton pump inhibitors (PPI), regardless of whether or not the patient's symptoms include acid-related conditions, e.g., heartburn, GERD, etc. Although PPI treatment has yielded some success in these patients, there is a significant population of patients whose dyspeptic symptoms are not adequately treated with PPI's alone.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the use of dexloxiglumide in the treatment of the symptoms of functional dyspepsia in patients whose dyspeptic symptoms are not being treated adequately with PPI's.

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is the most commonly identified functional gastrointestinal disorder, affecting 10-20% of the population in the Western world, seen predominantly in females and with a negative impact on quality of life, characterized by recurrent and often disabling abdominal pain associated with altered frequency or appearance or passage of the stool.
IBS aetiology is unknown and its treatment remains largely empirical and directed to the relief of symptoms. One possible target for IBS treatment has been identified in drugs that modulate the action of Cholecystokinin (CCK), a peptide gut hormone implicated in the regulation of motor and sensory functions at various levels of the gastrointestinal tract.
The biological actions of CCK in the gastrointestinal tract are mediated by CCK1-receptors.
Dexloxiglumide is an oral potent and selective antagonist of CCK1-receptors. The mechanism by which dexloxiglumide might be beneficial in IBS is its ability to modulate visceral hypersensitivity and gut dysmotility.
The DARWIN study has been designed to confirm the efficacy of dexloxiglumide according to a so-called randomized/withdrawal design. In this design all participants start the study treatment and only improved patients (the "responders") are randomized to active treatment or placebo, expecting a more frequent and/or a more rapid relapse of their symptoms in patients randomised to placebo than those on active.
Female and male patients, aged 18-70 yrs meeting IBS diagnostic criteria whose main complain is constipation, with a disease of at least moderate severity, will receive dexloxiglumide or placebo during a double-blind treatment phase of 24 weeks, following a first treatment of up to 12 wks during which patients will have to qualify as "responders" to the study treatment.
The responder status of each patient over each 4-wk assessment period, will be based on a weekly global patient-based assessment of relief and control of symptoms using a telephone/internet-based diary.
Additional secondary efficacy parameters will include: effect of treatment on IBS cardinal symptoms (e.g. abdominal discomfort/pain, bloating, straining, incomplete evacuation, urgency, stool frequency and consistency), on rescue laxative consumption, and on quality of life.
Standard safety parameters include vital signs, adverse event reporting, physical examination, routine laboratory screen, 12-lead ECG and gallbladder ultrasound.