Sibutramine mesylate

Antipsychotics are vital in the management of multiple psychiatric disorders.Weight gain is a common adverse effect that can impact quality of life and long-term adherence to treatment.The goal of this literature review is to explore posited mechanisms for antipsychotic-induced weight gain (AIWG) and review proposed nonpharmacol. and pharmacol. interventions to mitigate this weight gain.An electronic literature search was performed on PubMed to identify full-text, English-language articles that discussed AIWG.Selected articles were published between 2000 and 2024.Findings from 68 articles were reviewed and discussed. 27 strategies/agents of varying efficacies were identified.Non-pharmacol. interventions exhibit data in being effective against AIWG.Switching to an antipsychotic with a more favorable side-effect profile can be an appropriate option, but it is associated with an increased risk of relapse.Metformin is the most widely accepted and researched adjunctive treatment, followed by liraglutide and samidorphan.Dulaglutide, semaglutide, topiramate, betahistine, amantadine hydrochloride, berberine, probiotics, dietary fiber, nanoparticle formulation, and reboxetine show promising results in the attenuation of AIWG but need further research to understand their efficacy, metabolic effects, and safety.Melatonin, vitamin D, orlistat, modafinil, and naltrexone currently have very little data and have yet to exhibit compelling results.Lorcaserin, rimonabant, and sibutramine have all been removed from the market in the United States and are not recommended.Data on AIWG is diverse, but scarce.Further research is needed to better understand the pathophysiol. of AIWG and explore long-term effectiveness and safety of promising pharmacol. therapies in this vulnerable patient population.

Currently, there is concern about food products to which new psychoactive substances (NPS) have been added illegally. However, rapid, high-sensitivity, and high-throughput screening methods for such harmful substances have not been reported yet. In this study, a high-throughput non-targeted screening strategy was developed based on UHPLC-Q/Orbitrap. First, optimized pretreatment methods for typical high-risk matrices were established. Second, an accurate, efficient, and scalable high resolution mass spectrometry database containing 206 NPS and related compounds was constructed. The fragmentation pathways of three different types of fentanyl-related compounds were then systematically investigated to enhance compound identification. Additionally, a non-targeted screening strategy was developed using warning ions derived from 24 fentanyl-related compounds, streamlining the identification of NPS. This strategy was applied to 100 food samples with possible illegal additives and demonstrated its effectiveness. In summary, this study provides robust technical support for regulatory authorities in combating the illegal addition of food products.