Delving into the Latest Updates on Ethanolamine Oleate with Synapse

Overview

Basic Info

Drug Type

Small molecule drug

Synonyms

Ethanolamine oleate (USAN), Monoethanolamine Oleate, Monoethanolamine oleate (JAN)

+ [5]

Target-

Mechanism-

Therapeutic Areas

Digestive System DisordersOther Diseases

Active Indication

Bleeding esophageal varicesEsophageal and Gastric Varices

Inactive Indication-

Originator Organization

QOL Medical LLC

Active Organization

QOL Medical LLC

Fuji Chemical Industries Co., Ltd.

Inactive Organization-

Drug Highest PhaseApproved

First Approval Date

US (22 Dec 1988),

Esophageal and Gastric Varices

RegulationOrphan Drug (US)

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Structure

Molecular FormulaC20H41NO3

InChIKeyKGWDUNBJIMUFAP-KVVVOXFISA-N

CAS Registry2272-11-9

Ethanolamine is an abundant compound in the gastrointestinal tract and a valuable source of carbon and nitrogen for pathogenic bacteria harboring ethanolamine utilization (eut) genes. Eut-positive pathogens can consume free ethanolamine to outcompete commensal microbes, which often lack eut genes, and establish infection. Ethanolamine can also act as a host recognition signal for eut-positive pathogens to upregulate virulence genes during colonization. Therefore, reducing free ethanolamine titers may represent a novel approach to preventing infection by eut-positive pathogens. Interestingly, the commensal microorganism Levilactobacillus brevis ATCC 14869 was found to encode over 18 eut genes within its genome. This led us to hypothesize that L. brevis can compete with eut-positive pathogens by clearing free ethanolamine from the environment. Our results demonstrate that despite being unable to metabolize ethanolamine under most conditions, L. brevis ATCC 14869 responds to the compound by increasing the expression of genes encoding proteins involved in microcompartment formation and adhesion to the intestinal epithelial barrier. The improved intestinal adhesion of L. brevis in the presence of ethanolamine also enhanced the exclusion of eut-positive pathogens from adhering to intestinal epithelial cells. These findings support further studies to test whether L. brevis ATCC 14869 can counter enteric pathogens and prevent or reduce the severity of infections. Overall, the metabolic capabilities of L. brevis ATCC 14869 offer a unique opportunity to add to the armamentarium of antimicrobial therapies as well as our understanding of the mechanisms used by beneficial microbes to sense and adapt to host microenvironments.

01 Dec 2024·Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG

Pps1, phosphatidylserine synthase, regulates the salt stress response in Schizosaccharomyces pombe

Article

Author: Matsuo, Yasuhiro ; Naozuka, Gohki ; Kawamukai, Makoto

Phosphatidylserine (PS) is important for maintaining growth, cytoskeleton, and various functions in yeast; however, its role in stress responses is poorly understood. In Schizosaccharomyces pombe, the PS synthase deletion (pps1∆) mutant shows defects in growth, morphology, cytokinesis, actin cytoskeleton, and cell wall integrity, and these phenotypes are rescued by ethanolamine supplementation. Here, we evaluated the role of Pps1 in the salt stress response in S. pombe. We found that pps1∆ cells are sensitive to salt stresses such as KCl and CaCl₂ even in the presence of ethanolamine. Loss of the functional cAMP-dependent protein kinase (git3∆ or pka1∆) or phospholipase B Plb1 (plb1∆) enhanced the salt stress-sensitive phenotype in pps1∆ cells. Green fluorescent protein (GFP)-Pps1 was localized at the plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticulum regardless of the stress conditions. In pka1∆ cells, GFP-Pps1 was accumulated around the nucleus under the KCl stress. Pka1 was localized in the nucleus and the cytoplasm under normal conditions and transferred from the nucleus to the cytoplasm under salt-stress conditions. Pka1 translocated from the nucleus to the cytoplasm during CaCl₂ stress in the wild-type cells, while it remained localized in the nucleus in pps1∆ cells. Expression and phosphorylation of Pka1-GFP were not changed in pps1∆ cells. Our results demonstrate that Pps1 plays an important role in the salt stress response in S. pombe.

01 Oct 2024·MicrobiologyOpen

Influence of microbiota on the growth and gene expression of Clostridioides difficile in an in vitro coculture model

Article

Author: Taminiau, Bernard ; Berg, Noémie ; Daube, Georges ; Rodriguez, Cristina ; Martinez, Elisa

Abstract:

Clostridioides difficile is an anaerobic, spore‐forming, Gram‐positive pathogenic bacterium. This study aimed to analyze the effect of two samples of healthy fecal microbiota on C. difficile gene expression and growth using an in vitro coculture model. The inner compartment was cocultured with spores of the C. difficile polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐ribotype 078, while the outer compartment contained fecal samples from donors to mimic the microbiota (FD1 and FD2). A fecal‐free plate served as a control (CT). RNA‐Seq and quantitative PCR confirmation were performed on the inner compartment sample. Similarities in gene expression were observed in the presence of the microbiota. After 12 h, the expression of genes associated with germination, sporulation, toxin production, and growth was downregulated in the presence of the microbiota. At 24 h, in an iron‐deficient environment, C. difficile activated several genes to counteract iron deficiency. The expression of genes associated with germination and sporulation was upregulated at 24 h compared with 12 h in the presence of microbiota from donor 1 (FD1). This study confirmed previous findings that C. difficile can use ethanolamine as a primary nutrient source. To further investigate this interaction, future studies will use a simplified coculture model with an artificial bacterial consortium instead of fecal samples.

100 Deals associated with Ethanolamine Oleate

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