Response of two wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum cv. YM 158 and NM 9) to the herbicide chlorotoluron and the effect of two forms of dissolved organic matter on the chlorotoluron toxicity to the plants were characterized. Treatment with chlorotoluron at 10-50 microg/ml inhibited the seed germination and a dose-response was observed. The inhibition of seed germination was correlated to the depression of alpha-amylase activities. To identify whether chlorotoluron induced oxidative damage to wheat plants, the malondlaldehyde (MDA) content and electrolyte leakage were measured. Results showed that both MDA content and electrolyte leakage in the chlorotoluron-treated roots significantly increased. Activities of several key enzymes were measured that operate in citric acid cycle and carbohydrate metabolic pathway. Inhibited activities of citrate synthase and NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase were observed in the chlorotoluron-treated roots as compared to control plants. We also examined malate dehydrogenase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in wheat roots exposed to 30 gg/ml chlorotoluron. However, none of the enzymes showed significant changes in activities. Application of 160 microg/ml dissolved organic matter (DOM) extracted from non-treated sludge (NTS) and heat-expanded sludge (HES) in the medium with 30 microg/ml chlorotoluron induced an additive inhibition of seed germination and plant growth. The inhibition of growth due to the DOM treatment was associated with the depression of activities of alpha-amylase, citrate synthase and NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase, as well as the increase in malondlaldehyde content and electrolyte leakage. These results suggested that the presence of DOM might enhance the uptake and accumulation of chlorotoluron, and thus resulted in greater toxicity in wheat plants. The two forms of DOM exhibited differences in regulation of chlorotoluron toxicity to the wheat plants. Treatments with DOM-NTS induced greater toxicity to plants as compared to those with DOM-HES. In addition to DOM affecting chlorotoluron-induced toxicity to wheat plants, the cultivars could have also contributed to differences. Generally, NM-9 showed a higher sensitivity to chlorotoluron than YM 158 either in the absence or in the presence of DOM.

01 Mar 2002·Ying yong sheng tai xue bao = The journal of applied ecology

[Effects of enhanced ammonium nutrition on content and accumulation of nitrogen and mineral nutrients in wheat plant].

Article

Author: Dai, Tingbo ; Cao, Weixing ; Sun, Chuanfan

The hydroponics experiment was conducted to study the nutrition basis for growth promotion of wheat by Enhanced Ammonium Nutrition(EAN). Compared with fertilizing NO3- alone, EAN significantly increased N concentration and accumulation in leaves, sheaths, and whole plant, but there were not significant effects on roots. EAN had no significant effects on concentration of P and K, but decreased that of Ca and Mg in whole plant. EAN increased accumulation of P, K, and Ca in whole plant, and decreased that of Mg, whereas single NH4+ decreased accumulation of all mineral nutrients. EAN had different effects on accumulation of mineral nutrients in different genotypes. Compared with fertilizing NO3- alone, EAN increased accumulation of P, K, and Ca of YM158 and LZ953. For the accumulation of JDM, there was little responsive to EAN. These results indicated that EAN promoted N absorption and increased accumulation of N, P, K, and Ca in whole plant.

01 Feb 2002·American Journal of Respiratory Medicine

Thromboxane A2 Inhibition

Review

Author: Bernard Masereel ; Jean-Michel Dogné ; Jacques Delarge ; Xavier de Leval ; Patricia Benoit

Bronchial asthma is a disease defined by reversible airway obstruction, bronchial hyperresponsiveness and inflammation. In addition to histamine and acetylcholine, recent studies have emphasized the role of arachidonic acid metabolites (leukotrienes, prostaglandins and thromboxane A(2)) in the pathogenesis of asthma. Among these mediators, thromboxane A(2) (TXA(2)) has attracted attention as an important mediator in the pathophysiology of asthma because of its potent bronchoconstrictive activity. Thromboxane A(2) is believed to be involved not only in late asthmatic responses but also in bronchial hyperresponsiveness, a typical feature of asthma. Strategies for inhibition of TXA(2) include TXA(2) receptor antagonism and thromboxane synthase inhibition. Results of double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials have proven the efficacies of the thromboxane receptor antagonist seratrodast and the thromboxane synthase inhibitor ozagrel in the treatment of patients with asthma. Seratrodast and ozagrel are available in Japan for the treatment of asthma. Ramatroban, another thromboxane receptor antagonist, is currently under phase III clinical evaluation in Europe and Japan for the treatment of asthma. The pharmacological profiles of the thromboxane modulators may be improved by combination with leukotriene D(4) receptor antagonists. A multi-pathway inhibitory agent such as YM 158, which is a novel orally active dual antagonist for leukotriene D(4) and thromboxane A(2 )receptors, may have potent therapeutic effects in the treatment of bronchial asthma. Large scale clinical trials are necessary to further define the role of thromboxane modulators in the treatment of patients with asthma.

100 Deals associated with YM-57158

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Indication	Highest Phase	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Asthma	Phase 1	-	Astellas Pharma, Inc.	-
Asthma	Phase 1	Europe	-	-
Rhinitis, Allergic	Phase 1	Europe	-	-
Rhinitis, Allergic	Phase 1	-	Astellas Pharma, Inc.	-

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