AbstractIn recent times, diaryliodonium reagents (DAIRs) have witnessed a resurgence as arylating reagents, especially under photoinduced conditions. However, reactions proceeding through electron donor‐acceptor (EDA) complex formation with DAIRs are restricted to electron‐rich reacting partners serving as donors due to the well‐known cage effect. We discovered a practical and high‐yielding visible‐light‐induced EDA platform to generate aryl radicals from the corresponding DAIRs and use them to synthesize key chalcogenides. In this process, an array of DAIRs and dichalcogenides react in the presence of 1,4 diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) as a cheap and readily available donor, furnishing a variety of di(hetero)aryl and aryl/alkyl chalcogenides in good yields. The method is scalable, features a broad scope with good yields, and operates under open‐to‐air conditions. The photoinduced chalcogenation technology is suitable for late‐stage functionalizations and disulfide bioconjugations and facilitates access to biologically relevant thioesters, dithiocarbamates, sulfoximines, and sulfones. Moreover, the method applies to synthesizing diverse pharmaceuticals, such as vortioxetine, promazine, mequitazine, and dapsone, under amenable conditions.

01 Aug 2024·Small

Interfacial Layer Materials with a Truxene Core for Dopant‐Free NiO_x‐Based Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

Article

Author: Lee, Chin-Han ; Chen, Chih-Ping ; Sun, Shih-Sheng ; Wubie, Gebremariam Zebene ; Hsu, Hsiang-Lin ; Lung, Chien-Yu ; Shi, Zhong-En ; Ramanujam, Rajarathinam

AbstractNickel oxide (NiOx) is commonly used as a holetransporting material (HTM) in p‐i‐n perovskite solar cells. However, the weak chemical interaction between the NiOx and CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) interface results in poor crystallinity, ineffective hole extraction, and enhanced carrier recombination, which are the leading causes for the limited stability and power conversion efficiency (PCE). Herein, two HTMs, TRUX‐D1 (N2,N7,N12‐tris(9,9‐dimethyl‐9H‐fluoren‐2‐yl)‐5,5,10,10,15,15‐hexaheptyl‐N2,N7,N12‐tris(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐10,15‐dihydro‐5H‐diindeno[1,2‐a:1′,2′‐c]fluorene‐2,7,12‐triamine) and TRUX‐D2 (5,5,10,10,15,15‐hexaheptyl‐N2,N7,N12‐tris(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐N2,N7,N12‐tris(10‐methyl‐10H‐phenothiazin‐3‐yl)‐10,15‐dihydro‐5H‐diindeno[1,2‐a:1′,2′‐c]fluorene‐2,7,12‐triamine), are designed with a rigid planar C3 symmetry truxene core integrated with electron‐donating amino groups at peripheral positions. The TRUX‐D molecules are employed as effective interfacial layer (IFL) materials between the NiOx and MAPbI3 interface. The incorporation of truxene‐based IFLs improves the quality of perovskite crystallinity, minimizes nonradiative recombination, and accelerates charge extraction which has been confirmed by various characterization techniques. As a result, the TRUX‐D1 exhibits a maximum PCE of up to 20.8% with an impressive long‐term stability. The unencapsulated device retains 98% of their initial performance following 210 days of aging in a glove box and 75.5% for the device after 80 days under ambient air condition with humidity over 40% at 25 °C.

01 Sep 2023·Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis

Establishment of LC–MS/MS method for quantifying chlorpromazine metabolites with application to its metabolism in liver and placenta microsomes

Article

Author: Guo, Yuanqing ; Zhang, Yuanjin ; Huang, Shengbo ; Wang, Xin ; Yao, Bingyi ; Fu, Tiantian

Chlorpromazine has sedative and antiemetic pharmacological effects and is widely used in clinic. Its main metabolites include 7-hydroxychlorpromazine, N-monodesmethylchlorpromazine and chlorpromazine sulfoxide, which affect the therapeutic efficacy. To support metabolism research, the quantitative analysis method of 7-hydroxychlorpromazine, N-monodesmethylchlorpromazine and chlorpromazine sulfoxide in microsomal enzymes was established for the first time by LC-MS/MS. This method has been fully validated in rat liver microsomes, and partially verified in human liver microsomes and human placenta microsomes. The intra-day and inter-day accuracy and precision of the analytes were all within ± 15%. The extraction recovery was good, and no matrix effect was detected. This accurate and sensitive method was successfully applied to chlorpromazine metabolism in different microsomal enzymes. In particular, the biotransformation of chlorpromazine in human placenta microsomes was detected for the first time. The metabolites detected in human liver and placenta microsomes presented different formation rates, indicating the wide distribution and different activities of drug-metabolizing enzymes.

100 Deals associated with Promazine Hydrochloride

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KEGG	Wiki	ATC	Drug Bank
D00797	Promazine Hydrochloride	N05AA03	DB00420

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Indication	Highest Phase	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma	Preclinical	DE	Helmholtz Zentrum München	01 Dec 2012

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