Author: Venturini, K S ; Pedrinelli, V ; Aoki, C G ; Putarov, T C ; Santos, J P F ; Zaine, L ; Vendramini, T H A ; Kroll, F S A ; Carciofi, A C ; Brunetto, M A

Nutritional intervention in older dogs aims to increase lifespan and improve life quality as well as delay the development of diseases related to ageing. It is believed that active fractions of mannoproteins (AFMs) obtained through extraction and fractionation of yeast cell walls (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) may beneficially modulate the immune system. However, studies that have evaluated this component and the effects of ageing on the immune system of dogs are scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the immunological effects of AFMs in adult and elderly dogs. Three extruded iso-nutrient experimental diets were formulated: without addition of AFM (T0); with AFM at 400 mg/kg (T400); and with AFM at 800 mg/kg (T800). Thirty-six beagle dogs were used, and six experimental treatments, resulting in combinations of age (adult and elderly) and diet (T0, T400, and T800), were evaluated. On days zero, 14, and 28, blood samples were obtained for leucocyte phenotyping and phagocytosis assays. On days zero and 28, a lymphoproliferation test, quantification of reactive oxygen (H₂O₂) and nitrogen (NO) intermediate production, evaluation of faecal immunoglobulin A (IgA) content, and a delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity test (DCHT) were performed. Statistical analyses were performed with SAS software. Repeated measure variance analyses were performed, and means were compared by the Tukey test. Values of P ≤ 0.05 were considered significant, and values of P ≤ 0.10 were considered tendencies. Dogs fed T400 tended to have higher neutrophilic phagocytic activity than dogs fed T800 (P = 0.073). Regarding reactive oxygen intermediates, bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated neutrophils from animals that were fed T400 had a tendency to produce more H₂O₂ than those from animals fed the control diet (P = 0.093). Elderly dogs, when compared to adult dogs, had lower absolute T and B lymphocyte counts, lower auxiliary T lymphocyte counts, and higher cytotoxic T lymphocyte counts (P < 0.05). A significant effect of diet, age, and time with saline inoculation was noted for the DCHT. There was no effect of diet or age on faecal IgA content in dogs. This study suggests beneficial effects of mannoproteins on the specific and nonspecific immune responses in adult and elderly dogs.

01 Nov 2004·European Journal of Biochemistry

Regulation of the actin–myosin interaction by titin

Article

Author: Catherine Astier ; Patrick Chaussepied ; Fabrice Raynaud ; Nicolas Niederländer

Titin is known to interact with actin thin filaments within the I‐band region of striated muscle sarcomeres. In this study, we have used a titin fragment of 800 kDa (T800) purified from striated skeletal muscle to measure the effect of this interaction on the functional properties of the actin–myosin complex. MALDI‐TOF MS revealed that T800 contains the entire titin PEVK (Pro, Glu, Val, Lys‐rich) domain. In the presence of tropomyosin–troponin, T800 increased the sliding velocity (both average and maximum values) of actin filaments on heavy‐meromyosin (HMM)‐coated surfaces and dramatically decreased the number of stationary filaments. These results were correlated with a 30% reduction in actin‐activated HMM ATPase activity and with an inhibition of HMM binding to actin N‐terminal residues as shown by chemical cross‐linking. At the same time, T800 did not affect the efficiency of the Ca2+‐controlled on/off switch, nor did it alter the overall binding energetics of HMM to actin, as revealed by cosedimentation experiments. These data are consistent with a competitive effect of PEVK domain‐containing T800 on the electrostatic contacts at the actin–HMM interface. They also suggest that titin may participate in the regulation of the active tension generated by the actin–myosin complex.

Materials

A Novel Micromechanics-Model-Based Probabilistic Analysis Method for the Elastic Properties of Unidirectional CFRP Composites

Article

Author: Shan, Meijuan ; Ye, Jinrui ; Zhao, Libin

Considerable uncertainties in the mechanical properties of composites not only prevent them from having efficient applications but also threaten the safety and reliability of structures. In order to determine the uncertainty in the elastic properties of unidirectional CFRP composites, this paper develops a probabilistic analysis method based on a micromechanics theoretical model and the Monte Carlo simulation. Firstly, four commonly used theoretical models are investigated by calculating the deterministic elastic parameters of three unidirectional CFRP composites, which are compared with experimental outcomes. According to error analyses, the bridging model is the most brilliant one, with errors lower than 6%, which suggests that it can be used in probabilistic analyses. Furthermore, constituent parameters are regarded as normally distributed random variables, and the Monte Carlo simulation was used to obtain samplings based on the statistics of constituent parameters. The predicted probabilistic elastic parameters of the T800/X850 composite coincide with those from experiments, which verified the effectiveness of the developed probabilistic analysis method. According to the probabilistic analysis results, the statistics of the elastic parameters, the correlations between the elastic parameters, and their sensitivity to the constituent’s properties are determined. The moduli E11, E22, and G12 of the T800/X850 composite follow the lognormal distribution, namely, ln(E11)~N[5.15, 0.0282], ln(E22)~N[2.15, 0.0242], and ln(G12)~N[1.48, 0.0382], whereas its Poisson’s ratio, v12, obeys the normal distribution, namely, v12~N(0.33, 0.0122). Additionally, the correlation coefficients between v12 and E11/E22/G12 are small and thus can be ignored, whereas the correlation coefficients between any two of E11, E22, and G12 are larger than 0.5 and should be considered in the reliability analyses of composite structures. The developed probabilistic analysis method based on the bridging model and the Monte Carlo simulation is fast and reliable and can be used to efficiently evaluate the probabilistic properties of the elastic parameters of any unidirectional composite in the reliability design of structures in engineering practice.

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Indication	Highest Phase	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Neutropenia	Preclinical	-	Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca	22 Sep 2023

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