A highly sensitive Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) sensor coupled magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers nanoparticles (MMIPs NPs) was developed and validated for the determination of 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) in vegetables. MMIPs NPs were synthesized using methacrylic acid (MAA) and sodium p-styrene sulfonate (SSS) as functional monomers. The SPR exhibited a linear dependence on 6-BA concentration in the range 5-300 pg/mL with a low limit of detection (3.02 pg/mL) and limit of quantitation (10.08 pg/mL). The SPR signal of 6-BA-captured MAA/SSS-MMIPs NPs is higher than those of the structural analogues (6-KT and 2-IP: 1.72 and 2.12 times) and the non-structural analogues (2, 4-D and NAA: 2.31 and 2.57 times), indicating the SPR sensor has good selectivity for 6-BA. The recovery of the established method was between 93.8% and 108.6% with a coefficient of variation less than 9.2% in four vegetables. This SPR sensor shows great potential in detecting 6-BA in more vegetables.

01 Nov 2024·Journal of Hazardous Materials

Antibiotic intermediates and antibiotics synergistically promote the development of multiple antibiotic resistance in antibiotic production wastewater

Article

Author: Zhang, Yanyan ; Li, Baochan ; men, Cong ; Miao, Sun ; Yuan, Xin ; Zuo, Jiane ; Men, Cong

Antibiotic resistance (AR) is a major public health concern. Antibiotic intermediates (AIs) used in the production of semisynthetic antibiotics have the same bioactive structure as parent antibiotics and synthetic antibiotic production wastewater usually contains high concentrations of residual AIs; however, the effects of AIs and their interactive effects with antibiotics on the emergence of AR are unknown. In this study, antibiotic-sensitive E. coli K12 was exposed to five types of β-lactam AIs and their parent antibiotic ampicillin to analyze their impact on the evolution of multiple AR. The results indicated that AI 6-APA inhibits bacterial growth and stimulates the production of reactive oxygen species, as well as induces AR and antibiotic persistence like the parent antibiotic AMP. Combined exposure to 6-APA and AMP synergistically stimulated the induction of multiple AR and antibiotic persistence. The resistance mutation frequency increased up to 6.1 × 10⁶-fold under combined exposure and the combination index reached 1326.5, indicating a strong synergy of 6-APA and AMP. Phenotypic and genotypic analyses revealed that these effects were associated with the overproduction of reactive oxygen species, enhanced stress response signatures, and activation of efflux pumps. These findings provide evidence and mechanistic insights into AR induction by AIs in antibiotic production wastewater.

01 Oct 2024·Journal of Chromatography B

Quantitative determination by UHPLC-MS/MS of 18 common drugs of abuse and metabolites, including THC and OH-THC, in volumetric dried blood spots: a sustainable method with minimally invasive sampling

Article

Author: Ververi, Christina ; Vincenti, Marco ; Gentile, Claudia ; Massano, Marta ; Salomone, Alberto

The increased use of drugs of abuse urges forensic toxicologists to create quick, simple, minimally invasive sampling techniques for biological fluids combined with analytical methods assuring accurate results. To this purpose, a method was developed aimed at quantifying 18 drugs of abuse and metabolites in DBS. Validation of the method was conducted by spiking blank whole blood with the analytes on Capitainer® B cards. The extracts were analyzed by a targeted UHPLC-MS/MS method. Linear calibration was achieved in the range of 1-100 ng/mL for: amphetamine, MDA, MDMA, methamphetamine, cocaine, codeine, benzoylecgonine, cocaethylene, morphine, 6-MAM, buprenorphine, methadone, EDDP, ketamine, norbuprenorphine norketamine, THC, and OH-THC. Experimental LOD was found at 0.5 ng/mL for all analytes except for norbuprenorphine, THC and THC-OH which yielded a LOD of 1 ng/mL. Intra- and inter-day accuracy was satisfactory with bias% resulting within 5%. Evaluation of intra- and inter-day precision yielded CV% values within 20%, for all compounds except EDDP. Average extraction recovery calculated at low (2 ng/mL) and high (75 ng/mL) concentration levels was 63% while average matrix effect determined at the same levels was found to be within 85% - 115% for all analytes except from codeine (70%) and MDMA (131%). The method was applied to authentic blood samples spotted onto the DBS card and the minimum value detected was 1.3 ng/mL. HPLC-MS/MS proved capable to identify all the targeted analytes at low concentrations in the small blood volumes obtainable from DBS cards, which in turn confirmed to be effective and sustainable micro-sampling devices.

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Indication	Highest Phase	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Clostridium difficile infection	Preclinical	AU	University of Wollongong	19 Dec 2023

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