Porous activated carbon from waste chili pedicle encapsulating Cu2O nanoparticles with fine-tuned morphologies: A custom-designed catalyst for friedel-crafts arylation reactions

Author: Priya Lakshmi, Rajendran ; Ganesh Babu, Sundaram

Functionalizing and modification of high surface area activated carbon using metal-oxide nanoparticles have acquired a high interest due to improving inherent properties.The synthesis of morphol.-tunned Cu₂O nanostructures such as the sphere, cube, truncated octahedron, and truncated cuboctahedrons-shaped Cu₂O is achieved via a co-precipitation method.The as-prepared Cu₂O is loaded on biomass waste chili pedicle activated carbon (CPAC).Cu₂O-loaded activated carbon (Cu₂O/CPAC) is synthesized by ultrasonication method.This article mainly focuses on the shape effect of Cu₂O and the support effect of heterogeneous catalysts for the Friedel-Crafts arylation of indoles and various aldehydes to provide bis(3-indolyl) methanes (BMI) derivative compoundsA rapid and efficient one-pot reaction was achieved under mild conditions using a green solvent, resulting in an active product with high TON, and TOF.The results of the study revealed that the catalytic activity order is tOh-Cu₂O > COh-Cu₂O > C-Cu₂O > S-Cu₂O.Notably, the 10 wt% tOh-Cu₂O/CPAC nanohybrid (1 mol% Cu(I), shows remarkable catalytic activity.The 10 wt% tOh-Cu₂O/CPAC catalyst is recycled at least five times for a specific reaction exhibiting a high yield of 95 % with a negligible loss of 3 % compared to the fresh catalyst′s yield of 98 % showcasing its robust heterogeneity and sustainability.

01 Mar 2025·Small

Catalytic Efficacy of a 2D Chemically Robust MOF for the Synthesis of Bioactive Diindolylmethane (DIM)‐Based Drug Molecules

Article

Author: Pramanik, Bikram ; Das, Madhab C. ; Sahoo, Rupam

AbstractSynthesis of biologically and pharmaceutically important drugs via organic transformations in one pot under mild conditions with efficient catalysts is of significant interest in terms of practical utility. Though metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) prove their efficiencies in various catalytic reactions, synthesis of drug molecules employing MOF catalysts is still in its early stage, in fact, restricted to only 1,4‐Dihydropyridines (1,4‐DHP) based drug molecules synthesis. Although the Friedel–Crafts alkylation (FCA) reaction is one of the oldest reactions with a significant impact on drug molecules synthesis, surprisingly this reaction triggered by MOF catalyst is largely unexplored. Herein, we report a robust framework, MOF: IITKGP‐55, synthesized solely in aqueous medium, which exhibits its superior catalytic efficiencies for one‐pot FCA reaction with the well tolerance of various substrate scopes. Most importantly, based on this catalytic reaction, three drug molecules with bioactive diindolylmethane (DIM) core are synthesized for the first time, which was never realized by employing any sort of heterogeneous catalysts. Moreover, Arundine drug is crystallized and an in‐depth crystallographic analysis is performed. The superior catalytic efficiencies with excellent framework robustness highlight the potentiality of the developed framework and unwrap a new avenue for drug molecule synthesis via FCA reaction by employing heterogeneous catalysts.

01 Mar 2025·ChemCatChem

Graphene Acid: A Potent Carbocatalyst for the Friedel–Crafts Arylation of Aldehydes with Indoles

Author: Galathri, Eirini M. ; Kokotos, Christoforos G. ; Hrubý, Vítězslav ; Otyepka, Michal ; Chronopoulos, Demetrios D. ; Mountanea, Olga G. ; Mantzourani, Christiana

AbstractCarbocatalysis represents a highly attractive and effective field within the realm of metal‐free nanocatalysis, significantly advancing sustainability in synthetic chemistry. Graphene acid (GA) emerges as a well‐defined graphene derivative, characterized by a high density of homogeneously distributed carboxylic groups over graphene lattice. This unique and uniform structure positions GA as an elegant alternative to other 2D carbocatalysts, namely graphene oxide. GA was successfully employed as the catalyst in a Friedel–Crafts‐type reaction between indoles and aldehydes, facilitating the synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes, organic compounds exhibiting interesting biological properties and significant pharmaceutical potential. The metal‐free nature of GA, combined with the performance of the reaction “on water” under mild conditions, highlight the green credentials of the developed protocol. Comprehensive substrate screening, including a plethora of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes and various 1‐ or 2‐substituted indoles, resulted in moderate to high yields of variously functionalized bis(indolyl)methanes. Mechanistic and recovering studies showed that GA acts catalytically as a Brønsted acid, maintaining its catalytic activity at a high rate for six subsequent cycles.

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Indication	Highest Phase	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Parkinson Disease	Discovery	United States	Colorado State University	14 Jan 2013

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