Author: Hossain, Rajib ; Saraiva, Ariana ; Lisboa, Poliana ; Agrawal, Krishn Kumar ; Islam, Muhammad Torequl ; Coutinho, Henrique Douglas Melo ; Neto, Ivo Cavalcante Pita ; Jain, Divya ; Han, Heesup ; Moreira, Pablo ; Murti, Yogesh ; Janmeda, Pracheta ; Romão, Bernardo ; Begum, Mosammat Asia ; Raposo, António

AbstractPhyllanthus emblica L., or Amla, is known for its therapeutic properties and has been used as a medicinal plant. It is rich in vitamin C and other bioactive phytochemicals like polyphenols, gallic acid, chebulagic acid, leutolin, quercetin, etc. Different parts of this plant are used to treat various viral, bacterial, and fungal diseases. This review article summarizes the recent literature relevant to the antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal effects of P. emblica. A variety of bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtillus, Enterococcus faecalis, Salmonella typhi, and Escherichia, etc.), fungi (Alternaria alternate Botroyodiplodia theobromae, Colletotrichum corcori, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium exquisite, Fusarium solanii, Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans, Colletotrichum gleosparoitis, and Macrophomina phaseolina) and viruses, like Influenza A virus strain H3N2, hepatitis B, Human Immunodeficiency virus type‐1 (HIV‐1), Simplex virus type 1 (HSV‐1) and type 2 (HSV‐2) have experimented. Different techniques were used based on the way of identification. ‘For example, disc diffusion, dilution methods, sound diffusion, Immuno‐peroxidase monolayer assay, serum HBV and HBsAg assay, enzyme immunoassay, etc. The present review analyzed and summarized the antimicrobial activities of P. emblica and possible mechanisms of action to provide future directions in translating these findings clinically.

08 Aug 2024·Current Pharmaceutical Design

Identification of Potential Inhibitors from Medicinal Plant-based Phytochemicals for the Influential C4 Target of Diabetic Retinopathy by Molecular Docking Studies

Article

Author: Murugesan, Sankaranarayanan ; Alagarsamy, Veerachamy ; Sulthana, Mohaideen Thasthagir ; Muzaffar-Ur-Rehman, Mohammed ; Solomon, Viswas Raja ; Narendhar, Bandi ; Chandu, Ala ; Satishchandra, Aithamraju ; Kulkarni, Vishaka Sumant

Introduction:Diabetic retinopathy is the major cause of vision failure in diabetic patients, and the current treatment involves the practice of glucocorticoids or VEGF antagonists that are “off-label”. A few small organic molecules against DR were discovered many years ago. Nutraceuticals are naturally available functional foods that endorse different health benefits, including vitamins, antioxidants, minerals, fatty acids, and amino acids that can defer the development of some diseases.Methods:Numerous studies reported that nutraceuticals encourage multiple therapeutic benefits and provide protection against various diseases. In diabetes, nutraceuticals contribute to improving insulin sensitivity, metabolism regulation, and lower hyperglycemia. The major aim of this study is to discover the most active drug from natural or plant sources. In this work, 42 phytochemical constituents from 4 kinds of plants were docked with the C4 target of diabetic retinopathy by an in silico molecular docking study.objective:In this work, the 43 phytochemical constituents from 4 kinds of plants were docked with the C4 target of diabetic retinopathy by an in silico molecular docking study.Results:According to the binding energy, all the phytoconstituents possessed good to high attraction towards the target, and 6 phytochemicals, such as terchebulin, punicalagin, chebulagic acid, casuarinin, punicalin, and pedunculagin, disclosed superior binding energy towards the target than standard ruboxistaurin via the interactions of conventional hydrogen bonding, pi-alkyl interactions, etc. Molecular dynamic simulation studies further established the stability of the phytoconstituents, and ADMET studies proved the safety profile of these phytoconstituents.Conclusion:Hence, the current study suggested that the phytochemicals from various herbs inhibit the C4 target of diabetic retinopathy and can be utilized as lead compounds to develop analogs or repurposed for the treatment of DR.result:Molecular dynamic simulations studies further established the stability of the phytoconstituents and ADMET studies proved the safety profile of these phytoconstituents.

01 Jul 2024·Journal of Food Science

Changes in phenolic compounds of Phyllanthus emblica juice during different storage temperature and pH conditions

Article

Author: Fan, Yidan ; Gu, Jianxing ; Guo, Shuang ; Li, Rong ; Fan, Yuan ; Zhu, Peifang ; Long, Xiaomei ; Zhang, Lijun

AbstractThe aim of this experiment was to investigate the effect of storage temperature and pH on phenolic compounds of Phyllanthus emblica juice. Juice was stored at different temperatures and pH for 15 days and sampled on 2‐day intervals. The browning index (BI, ABS420 nm), pH, centrifugal precipitation rate (CPR), and phenolic compounds were evaluated. The results showed 4°C and pH 2.5 could effectively inhibit browning and slow down pH drop of P. emblica juice. The result of orthogonal partial least square‐discriminant analysis showed P. emblica juice stored at 4°C and pH 2.5 still had a similar phenolic composition, but at 20°C, 37°C, and pH 3.5, the score plots were concentrated only in the first 3 days. Additionally, gallic acid (GA) and ellagic acid (EA) were screened out to be the differential compounds for browning of P. emblica juice. The contents of GA, epigallocatechin (EGC), corilagin (CL), gallocatechin gallate (GCG), chebulagic acid (CA), 1,2,3,4,6‐O‐galloyl‐d‐glucose (PGG), and EA were more stable at 4°C and pH 2.5. Overall, during storage at 4°C and pH 2.5, it could inhibit the increase of GA and EA and decrease of CL, GCG, CA, and PGG, whereas EGC did not show significant difference between storage conditions. The CPR was higher at 4°C, while pH 2.5 could reduce the CPR. In conclusion, in order to maintain stability of phenolic compounds and extended storage period, the P. emblica juice could be stored at low temperature and adjust the pH to increase the stability of juice system.

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Indication	Highest Phase	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Influenza A virus infection	Preclinical	CA	Simon Fraser University	24 Jun 2020

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