ABSTRACTUsing sera from mice immunized and protected againstPlasmodium yoeliimalaria, we identified a novel blood-stage antigen gene,pypag-2. The 2.1-kbpypag-2cDNA contains a single open reading frame that encodes a 409-amino-acid protein with a predicted molecular mass of 46.8 kDa. Unlike many characterized plasmodial antigens, blocks of tandemly repeated amino acids are lacking in the pypAg-2 protein sequence. Recombinant pypAg-2, comprising the full-length protein minus the predicted N-terminal signal and C-terminal anchor sequences, was produced and used to raise a high-titer polyclonal rabbit antiserum. This antiserum was used to identify and characterize the native protein through immunoblotting, immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence assays. Consistent with the presence of a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor, pypAg-2 fractionated with the detergent phase of Triton X-114-solubilized proteins and could be metabolically labeled with [3H]palmitic acid. By immunofluorescence, pypAg-2 expression was localized to both the trophozoite and merozoite membranes. Similar toPlasmodium falciparummerozoite surface protein 1, pypAg-2 contains two C-terminal epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domains. Most importantly, immunization with recombinant pypAg-2 protected mice against lethalP. yoeliimalaria. Thus, pypAg-2 is a target of protective immune responses and represents a novel addition to the family of merozoite surface proteins that contain one or more EGF-like domains.