Butibufen Sodium

The effect of oil source and catalyst on alc. formation variances in the long-term stored inedible seed oil and biodiesel has not been extensively explored.This study presents the direct evidence of medium- and long-chain fatty alc. formation in long-term stored biodiesels, prepared by different catalysts.Comprehensive screening and relative quantification of the potential alcs. were performed by a novel non-targeted screening method based on chem. isotope labeling-liquid chromatog.-high resolution mass spectrometry (CIL-LC-HRMS).It was detected in total 56, 170, and 205 potential alcs. from long-term stored camellia (Camellia oleifera) seed oil (CSO)-based biodiesels, rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) seed oil (RSO)-based biodiesels, and waste soybean (Glycine max L.) cooking oil (WCO)-based biodiesels.Among these, 13 medium- and long-chain saturated fatty alcs. are confirmed by comparing with alc. standards, and 44 are putatively identified by the degree of unsaturation, the differences in retention time, exact mass, and tandem MS spectrum annotation.Hierarchical clustering anal. and random forest clarification anal. of those 57 (13 +44) fatty alcs. in different oils and biodiesels showed that the alc. composition in long-term stored biodiesels was dramatically influenced by the inedible seed oil source and the catalyst in biodiesel preparationThe theor. calculation further investigated the formation of fatty alcs. for the mol. electrostatic potential of long-chain fatty acid and its derived Me or Et esters at the mol. level.

The applications of novel Fe-TiO₂ composite capable of incorporating in-situ dual effect (photocatalysis and photo-Fenton) have been studied for the treatment of real pharmaceutical effluent using batch and continuous reactors.The treatment time was reduced to a great extent using these novel composite beads along with significant reduction in COD (83%).Coagulation using FeCl₃ as a coagulating agent was used as a pre-treatment step prior to in-situ dual process.The parametric optimization in case of in-situ dual process was carried out in batch mode under artificial UV-A irradiations.The biodegradability index (BOD₅/COD) of wastewater became 0.71 from 0.172 after 5h of treatment via in-situ dual process.The intermediates present in the real wastewater before and after the treatment process, were carefully identified through GC-MS anal. based on which a tentative degradation mechanism for the treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater has been proposed.The treated wastewater was found to be completely non-toxic as confirmed through cyto-toxicity as well as acute toxicity anal.The field-scale applications of fixed-bed in-situ dual process using Fe-TiO₂ composite beads were validated from successful treatment (∼80% COD reduction) of real wastewater (5L) in less than 120min in a pilot-scale once-though cascade reactor under natural solar irradiations.Moreover, Fe-TiO₂ composite beads represented an outstanding recyclability efficiency (>70 recycles) without depicting any significant reduction in their activity as confirmed through various characterization techniques.