AbstractFocal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a scarring process associated with chronic low‐grade inflammation ascribed to toll‐like receptor (TLR) activation and monocyte migration. We developed synthetic, small‐molecule lecinoxoids, VB‐201 and VB‐703, that differentially inhibit TLR‐2‐ and TLR‐4‐mediated activation and monocyte migration. The efficacy of anti‐inflammatory lecinoxoid treatment on FSGS development was explored using a 5/6 nephrectomy rat model. Five‐sixths of nephrectomized rats were treated with lecinoxoids VB‐201, VB‐703 or PBS, for 7 weeks. Upon sacrifice, albumin/creatinine ratio, glomerulosclerosis, fibrosis‐related gene expression and the number of glomerular and interstitial monocyte were evaluated. Treatment of nephrectomized rats with lecinoxoids ameliorated glomerulosclerosis. The percentage of damaged glomeruli, glomerular sclerosis and glomeruli fibrotic score was significantly reduced following VB‐201 and VB‐703 treatment. VB‐703 attenuated the expression of fibrosis hallmark genes collagen, fibronectin (FN) and transforming growth factor β (TGF‐β) in kidneys and improved albumin/creatinine ratio with higher efficacy than did VB‐201, but only VB‐201 significantly reduced the number of glomerular and interstitial monocytes. These results indicate that treatment with TLR‐2, and more prominently, TLR‐4 antagonizing lecinoxioids, is sufficient to significantly inhibit FSGS. Moreover, inhibiting monocyte migration can also contribute to treatment of FSGS. Our data demonstrate that targeting TLR‐2‐TLR‐4 and/or monocyte migration directly affects the priming phase of fibrosis and may consequently perturb disease parthogenesis.

01 Sep 2016·Digestive Diseases and SciencesQ3 · MEDICINE

Treatment with Oxidized Phospholipids Directly Inhibits Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and Liver Fibrosis Without Affecting Steatosis

Q3 · MEDICINE

Article

Author: Yacov, Niva ; Ishai, Eti ; Breitbart, Eyal ; Shoham, Anat ; Mendel, Itzhak

BACKGROUND AND AIMSPrevious studies demonstrated that toll-like receptors 4 and 2 (TLR-4 and TLR-2), which are expressed on liver-resident Kupffer, hepatic stellate cells, and circulating monocytes, play a role in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Lecinoxoids are oxidized phospholipids that antagonize TLR-2- and TLR-4-mediated activation of innate immune cells and inhibit monocyte migration. In this study, we tested the effect of two functionally different lecinoxoids on the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and liver fibrosis in a mouse model.METHODSTwo-day-old C57BL/6 mice were injected with streptozotocin and fed a high-fat diet from Week 4 after birth. At Week 6 post-birth, lecinoxoids VB-201 or VB-703 were given orally, once daily, for 3 weeks. Telmisartan was administered orally, once daily, for 3 weeks, as positive control. At experiment conclusion, biochemical indices were evaluated. HE stain and quantitative PCR were used to determine the extent of steatosis and steatohepatitis, and Sirius red stain was used to assess liver fibrosis.RESULTSTreatment with lecinoxoids did not alter the concentration of blood glucose, liver triglycerides, or steatosis compared with solvent-treated mice. However, whereas VB-201 inhibited the development of fibrosis and, to some extent, liver inflammation, VB-703 significantly lessened both liver inflammation and fibrosis.CONCLUSIONSThis study indicates that using lecinoxoids to antagonize TLR-2, and more prominently TLR-4, is sufficient to significantly inhibit nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and liver fibrosis. Inhibiting monocyte migration with lecinoxoids that are relatively weak TLR-4 antagonists may alter liver fibrosis and to some extent nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.

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Indication	Highest Phase	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental	Preclinical	IL	Vascular Biogenics Ltd.	-
Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis	Preclinical	IL	Vascular Biogenics Ltd.	-

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