Dancing in the mud: Cut cable puts an end to bacterial party
12 Apr 2023
You can still be celebrated, even if you're buried in mud. A new study shows that innumerable other bacteria flock around cable bacteria in the oxygen-free seabed in something that looks like a dance. They apparently use the cable bacteria as an electrical lifeline for oxygen. Video recordings show that the dance stops abruptly if you cut the cable bacteria in half.
You can still be celebrated, even if you're buried in mud. A new study shows that innumerable other bacteria flock around cable bacteria in the oxygen-free seabed in something that looks like a dance. They apparently use the cable bacteria as an electrical lifeline for oxygen. Video recordings show that the dance stops abruptly if you cut the cable bacteria in half.
The party-poopers cutting the cable bacteria are researchers from the Center for Electromicrobiology (CEM) at Aarhus University. The centre's work focuses on unravelling the mysteries of how cable bacteria work.
Cable bacteria are centimeter long, wire-shaped bacteria equipped with internal wiring that transports electrons between oxygen-rich and oxygen-free "dead" zones in the muddy seabed.
The first person to stop the dance was PhD student Jesper Jensen Bjerg. Many years ago, he was sitting in a laboratory at the University of Vienna, struggling to follow the transport of electrons in cable bacteria by measuring the differences in the amount of electrons present in the bacteria's cytochrome proteins. (The protein is important for the energy metabolism of cells.)
"As I became more and more impatient, I suddenly discovered something unexpected in the microscope: Hundreds of different bacteria flocked around the part of a cable bacteria that was in an oxygen-free environment. It looked like they were dancing and having a great time," says Jesper Jensen Bjerg, who is now a postdoc at CEM.
He later discovered that the party stopped when he cut the cable bacteria with a laser.
Years of effort
His discoveries led to years of effort by the researchers at CEM to explain the phenomenon. And they have now published their preliminary results in the journal Nature Communications.
The interesting thing is not the party culture of bacteria, but what happens chemically/physically between the cable bacteria and their tiny neighbours, and what each of them get out of the interaction.
"The smaller bacteria are all aerobic, i.e. they need oxygen, and they obviously benefit greatly by transferring electrons to the cable bacteria and thereby getting an electrical connection to oxygen. But we don't yet know how the electrons are actually transferred to the cable bacteria. And we don't know how this affects the cable bacteria. Does it benefit or harm them? Or doesn't it matter to them at all?" says Professor Andreas Schramm, deputy director of CEM.
Lots of questions ahead
However, the research group has shown that the small bacteria are metabolically active and that the cytochromes in their cells are more oxidized (in other words, release electrons) when they are close to a cable bacteria. This means that the small bacteria are carrying out extracellular electron transfer (EET).
But the discovery of the party in the mud raises more questions than it has so far answered. The researchers themselves list the questions in their scientific article:
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