Recent plans for highway construction along the shore of Turnagain Arm, Alaska, raised concerns about acoustic impact on the critically endangered Cook Inlet subpopulation of beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas). Evaluation of possible impact required estimates of normal background sound levels. However, as a shallow fjord with profound (9-m mean) tides, hazardous currents, tidal bores, and quicksand-like tidal flats, Turnagain Arm has historically defied most vessel operations and thwarted vessel-based sound measurements. In August 2014, the first documented acoustic measurements in Turnagain Arm of which we are aware took place using a novel technique based on a miniature, self-contained acoustic recorder developed as a marine-mammal tag (Acousonde™, Greeneridge Sciences, Inc.). The recorder’s small size allowed it to be suspended from a motorized buoy and towed up to 80 m from shore. Measurements took place off a point known as Windy Corner at high and low tide as well as near maximum flood and ebb current. Data showed Turnagain Arm to be quieter than expected, with broadband (40 Hz to 9.3 kHz) sound pressure levels as low as 74 dB re 1 μPa and below a 125-dB provisional regulatory assumption. [Work supported by Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities.]

01 Apr 2011·The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

Analyzing potential acoustic differences between different bowhead demographics in the Beaufort Sea.

Author: Greene, Charles R. ; Blackwell, Susanna B. ; Funk, Dale ; Thode, Aaron M. ; Grebner, Dawn M. ; Macrander, Michael ; Koski, William R.

Most bowhead whales from the Bering-Chukchi-Beaufort stock migrate westward from Arctic Canadian waters through the Alaskan Beaufort Sea each year from late August to late October. Since 2007 both aerial sighting and acoustic call data have been collected during these fall migrations, as part of a long-term monitoring effort to assess the potential impacts of North Slope oil industry activities on bowhead whales. The aerial sighting efforts recorded the position of bowhead individuals or groups, designating the animals as subadults or adults, and noted whether a calf was present. A five-site array of seven directional autonomous seafloor acoustic recorders (DASARs) each recorded the acoustic data. An automated detection algorithm was used to isolate individual bowhead whale calls and estimate their locations. Here simultaneous acoustic and visual data from 2007, 2008, and 2010 were merged to determine whether potential variations in calling behavior exist between subadults, adults, and adults with calves. Visual measurements of animal course and direction were used to place bounds on call times and locations that may be associated with that animal versus other animals sighted nearby. Potential differences in call rate and call type were statistically examined. [Work supported by the Shell Exploration and Production Company.]

01 Apr 2007·Environmental Toxicology and ChemistryQ3 · ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & ECOLOGY

Risk of weathered residual Exxon Valdez oil to pink salmon embryos in Prince William Sound

Q3 · ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & ECOLOGY

Article

Author: Moulton, Lawrence L. ; Cronin, Mathew A. ; Collins, Keya M. ; Parker, Keith R. ; Wilson, William ; Brannon, Ernest L.

AbstractIt has been hypothesized that pink salmon eggs incubating in intertidal streams transecting Prince William Sound (PWS) beaches oiled by the Exxon Valdez oil spill were exposed to lethal doses of dissolved hydrocarbons. Since polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) levels in the incubation gravel were too low to cause mortality, the allegation is that dissolved high-molecular-weight hydrocarbons (HPAH) leaching from oil deposits on the beach adjacent to the streams were the source of toxicity. To evaluate this hypothesis, we placed pink salmon eggs in PWS beach sediments containing residual oil from the Exxon Valdez oil spill and in control areas without oil. We quantified the hydrocarbon concentrations in the eggs after three weeks of incubation. Tissue PAH concentrations of eggs in oiled sediments were generally <100 ppb and similar to background levels on nonoiled beaches. Even eggs in direct contact with oil in the sediment resulted in tissue PAH loads well below the lethal threshold concentrations established in laboratory bioassays, and very low concentrations of HPAH compounds were present. These results indicate that petroleum hydrocarbons dissolved from oil deposits on intertidal beaches are not at concentrations that pose toxic risk to incubating pink salmon eggs. The evidence does not support the hypothesis that interstitial pore water in previously oiled beaches is highly toxic.

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