Evaluation of phytochemical composition of aqueous extract of Annona reticulata and assessment of its neuroprotective activity on Paraquat-induced neurodegeneration in Drosophila melanogaster Oregon R

Author: Varghese, Naomi ; Kumar, Sowmya ; Bhardwaj, Vaibhavi ; Shubha

Neurons are essential for maintaining physiol. balance, and abnormalities in neuronal activity or communication can lead to medical disorders.The term "neurodegenerative diseases" refers to a broad category of neurol. disorders that affect different subsets of neurons in different functional anatomical systems.The term "neurodegenerative diseases" refers to a broad category of neurol. disorders that affect different subsets of neurons in different functional anatomical systems.The Oregon R strain of Drosophila melanogaster was used in the study to examine the neuroprotective effects of Annona reticulata Linn. leaf extract against Paraquat-induced neurotoxicity.As per the results of the phytochem. anal., the Annona reticulata Linn aqueous leaf extract included many phytochems. like flavanones, phenols, steroids, quinones, coumarins, and flavonoids.Pursuit a toxicity test on the Drosophila melanogaster Oregon R strain, the aqueous extract′s antioxidant and neuroprotective activities were evaluated after choosing the ideal paraquat concentration to cause neurodegeneration in the flies.The extract improved the survival rates and greatly decreased locomotor impairment in the treated flies.Addnl., it demonstrated beneficial modulatory effects on the activity of antioxidant enzymes as well as ameliorative effects on the levels of oxidative stress indicators.However, further study is needed to fully understand the mol. pathways behind the extract′s neuroprotective activity and to investigate its potential applicability as a medication.

01 Apr 2025·Ultrasonics Sonochemistry

Enhancing starch properties through dual modification: Ultrasonication and acetic acid treatment of non-conventional starches

Article

Author: Krishnan, Hari ; Kumarakuru, K ; Avila-Quezada, Graciela Dolores ; Abd Allah, Elsayed Fathi ; Reddy, Chagam Koteswara ; Kaushik, Deepika ; Kumar, Mukul ; Surekha, Challa ; Alavilli, Hemasundar ; Yadav Prakruthi, Likhitha ; Hashem, Abeer ; Medha, Tamma ; Alotaibi, Nouf H ; Kumari, P Vasantha

This study investigated the effects of ultrasonication (US) and acetic acid treatments on starches extracted from non-conventional sources: elephant foot yam (NES), cassava (NCS) and sweet potato (NSP). The starches underwent ultrasonication at 40°C for 3, 9, and 15 min, followed by acetylation, with native starches used as control. The morphological, physicochemical, and functional properties were comprehensively analyzed. Results revealed that increased treatment time significantly (p<0.05) affected the starches functional properties, morphology and crystallinity. Amylose content was highest in NES (22.85 %), followed by NSP (21.05 %) and NCS (19.28 %). Following dual modification, a significant reduction in amylose content was observed in ultrasonic-assisted acetylated starches. Morphological analysis revealed granular aggregation, surface changes, and the formation of pores and cracks. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns demonstrated that NSP and NES starches exhibited major peaks characteristic of C-type starches, while NCS starches displayed an A-type pattern. Following ultrasound-assisted acetylation, the crystalline structures of all starches remained largely unchanged, although relative crystallinity slightly decreased compared to native starches. The oil absorption capacity and tap density of NES increased with dual modification, suggesting enhanced hydrophobicity. These findings highlight the potential of dual modification to improve starch properties for industrial applications, including confectionery, edible films, tablet binders, and encapsulation.

28 Mar 2025·Exploration of Transformative Technologies in Healthcare 6.0

Futuristic Technologies for Health Advancement

Author: Vijay, Jyoti ; Dey, Teesta ; Shresta, Athmakoor Angela

Precision nutrition tailors dietary recommendations to prevent and manage diseases based on individual factors. It integrates Healthcare 6.0 technology, particularly nutrition informatics, which combines information, nutrition, and technology for personalized dietary recommendations in both community and clinical settings. This chapter explores key aspects of nutrition informatics, including data sources, dietary data collection techniques, digital tools, and advanced analytics for personalized recommendations. It also examines publicly available online health and nutrition databases that support customized dietary planning. Emerging technologies are revolutionizing nutrition data collection, leveraging advanced analytics for comprehensive, individualized insights. Additionally, the chapter discusses how precision nutrition aids disease management by identifying optimal dietary patterns and using data-driven insights to promote healthier lifestyles. Integrating nutrition informatics into precision nutrition offers a transformative approach to enhancing health outcomes.

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