The crucial factor determining damages of high-pressure waste heat boilers in ammonia plants are fouling of the boiler tube surface with magnetite (Fe₃O₄) in combination with exceptionally high local heat fluxes.The main reasons for the magnetite fouling are (i) Flow Accelerated Corrosion (FAC) in the preboiler/feed water system (ii) First Condensate Corrosion (FCC) in steam and condensate equipment (iii) Ineffective chem. cleaning and conditioning programs for the boilers.The main goal of boiler water treatment programs should be to keep the boiler heat transfer surface free from deposits.Conventional chem. treatment programs are not always successful.Polyamine treatment can offer an alternative approach.

Proceedings - International Fertiliser Society

Inspection of atmospheric ammonia storage tanks; New EFMA recommendations

Author: Duisters, Harrie

Atm. ammonia storage tanks need to be properly operated, inspected and maintained because of the associated safety and health issues of the stored product.The European Fertilizer Manufacturers Association (EFMA) has updated their 2002 guidance document on the safe and reliable inspection of atm., refrigerated ammonia storage tanks.The most important parts of this EFMA document, together with other information on the subject of ammonia storage tank inspection and incidents, are included in this IFS publication.Topics covered include: the Risk Based Inspection (RBI) approach; degradation mechanisms and their effect on the probability of failure of the tank; ammonia stress corrosion cracking; the use of non-intrusive inspection methods; the procedure on how to empty and refill an ammonia tank safely; and auxiliary tank equipment that needs regular monitoring between the major tank inspections.

Ammonia Plant Safety & Related Facilities

Increasing ammonia plant capacity by utilizing purge gas

Author: Udesen, Henrik ; Riezebos, Aart ; Roos, Wim F.

The background, design and operating experience of the purge gas converter at the ammonia plant complex of DSM Agro, which was installed to handle an increased amount of purge gas, is described.The capacity of this purge gas loop amounts to 100 metric tons per day (MTPD).With this purge gas converter, the excess amount of purge gas is transformed into valuable ammonia product, and overall hydrogen and nitrogen efficiency of the plant is improved.

100 Deals associated with DSM Agro BV

100 Translational Medicine associated with DSM Agro BV

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