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09 Jan 2006·44th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit
Systems Thinking in Global Integration
Author: Morais, Bernard ; Pinson, Jay
There is a need for systems thinking in global integration of technologies for new or improved products. The changing world is challenging the American dominan ce in technology innovation and product development. The world workforce is becoming better educated and innovation is occurring around the world. There is a global shift in economic power and increased competition among nations for natural resources. This paper makes the argument for applying “systems thinking” to the integration of technologies that are being developed by the world innovators. The thrust is to offer the challenge to expand “systems thinking” within the US to product development and to sea rch and integrate the best of the world technologies in providing marketable global products and maintain our competitiveness. We suggest that this drives the need to expand the education of engineers to include “systems thinking” and “systems management” concept across all engineering disciplines and to stress the interdisciplinary and multicultural team building that is required for producing marketable products. Our economy as well as our security and defense readiness depends on our ability to search wo rldwide for and the use of new technologies for the development of new products. Text
01 Apr 2002·American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and MetabolismQ2 · MEDICINE
Gastrointestinal absorption and plasma kinetics of soy Δ5-phytosterols and phytostanols in humans
Q2 · MEDICINE
Article
Author: Zeng, Chun-Min ; Spilburg, Curtis A. ; Stenson, William F. ; McGill, Janet B. ; Covey, Douglas F. ; Stearns, Jay ; Ostlund, Richard E.
Our objective was to measure the systemic absorption of lecithin-emulsified Δ5-phytosterols and phytostanols during test meals by use of dual stable isotopic tracers. Ten healthy subjects underwent two single-meal absorption tests in random order 2 wk apart, one with intravenous dideuterated Δ5-phytosterols and oral pentadeuterated Δ5-phytosterols and the other with the corresponding labeled stanols. The oral-to-intravenous tracer ratio in plasma, a reflection of absorption, was measured by a sensitive negative ion mass spectroscopic technique and became constant after 2 days. Absorption from 600 mg of Δ5-soy sterols given with a standard test breakfast was 0.512 ± 0.038% for sitosterol and 1.89 ± 0.27% for campesterol. The absorption from 600 mg of soy stanols was 0.0441 ± 0.004% for sitostanol and 0.155 ± 0.017% for campestanol. Reduction of the double bond at position 5 decreased absorption by 90%. Plasma t½for stanols was significantly shorter than that for Δ5-sterols. We conclude that the efficiency of phytosterol absorption is lower than what was reported previously and is critically dependent on the structure of both sterol nucleus and side chain.
100 Deals associated with Lifeline Technologies, Inc.
100 Translational Medicine associated with Lifeline Technologies, Inc.
