This paper presents the performance of palladium-platinum core-shell catalysts (Pt/Pd/C) for oxygen reduction synthesized in gram-scale batches in both liquid cells and polymer-electrolyte membrane fuel cells.Core-shell catalyst synthesis and characterization, ink fabrication, and cell assembly details are discussed.The Pt mass activity of the Pt/Pd core-shell catalyst was 0.95 A mg^-1 at 0.9 V measured in liquid cells (0.1 M HClO₄), which was 4.8 times higher than a com. Pt/C catalyst.The performances of Pt/Pd/C and Pt/C in large single cells (315 cm²) were assessed under various operating conditions.The core-shell catalyst showed consistently higher performance than com. Pt/C in fuel cell testing.A 20-60 mV improvement across the whole c.d. range was observed on air.Sensitivities to temperature, humidity, and gas composition were also investigated and the core-shell catalyst showed a consistent benefit over Pt under all conditions.However, the 4.8 times activity enhancement predicated by liquid cell measurements was not fully realized in fuel cells.

01 Aug 2014·Fuel Cells

Assessing the Tearing Energy of a Hydrocarbon Elastomeric Seal Material for Fuel Cell Applications

Author: Jason B. Parsons ; David A. Dillard ; Hitendra K. Singh ; Justin E. Klein ; Gilles M. Divoux ; John G. Dillard ; Scott W. Case ; Robert B. Moore

AbstractElastomeric gaskets are commonly used between cells within a fuel cell stack to ensure that the reactant gases are isolated. Failure of a fuel cell gasket can cause the reactant gases to mix and can lead to failure of the fuel cell. An investigation of the durability of a hydrocarbon elastomeric seal material developed for proton exchange membrane fuel cells was performed by comparing the tearing energy required for crack propagation of as‐received and environmentally aged samples. Tear force was recorded as a function of crosshead displacement rate and the critical strain energy release rate was calculated and plotted against crack growth rate. Data obtained at different temperatures were then used to generate a fracture energy master curve. Additional samples were aged in selected relevant environments and compared to the as‐received material to study the effect of environmental aging on tear energy master curves. Comparison of tearing energy master curves for different test conditions showed an increase in the tearing energy for all aging environments. The tear energy master curve for testing carried out in water suggested that the crack propagation rates as low as of 10–8 ms–1 can be seen as the fracture energy approaches 80 Jm–2.

01 May 2014·ChemSusChemQ2 · CHEMISTRY

Controlling the Size and Composition of Nanosized Pt–Ni Octahedra to Optimize Their Catalytic Activities toward the Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Q2 · CHEMISTRY

Article

Author: Sang Il Choi ; Younan Xia ; Ning Lu ; Jinho Park ; Moon J. Kim ; Shuifen Xie ; Jonathan H. Odell ; Jinguo Wang ; Minhua Shao ; Sandra Guerrero

AbstractElectrocatalysts based on Pt–Ni alloys have received considerable interest in recent years owing to their remarkable activities toward the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Here, we report the synthesis of nanosized Pt–Ni octahedra with a range of controlled sizes and compositions in an effort to optimize their ORR activities. If we employed benzyl ether as a solvent for the synthesis, we could readily control the edge lengths of the Pt–Ni octahedra in the range of 6–12 nm and keep the Pt/Ni atomic ratio at around 2.4 by varying the amount of oleylamine added into the reaction system. If we adjusted the amount of Ni precursor, the atomic ratio of Pt to Ni in the Pt–Ni octahedra could be controlled in the range of 1.4–3.7 and their edge lengths were kept at 9 nm. For the catalysts with a Pt/Ni atomic ratio around 2.4, their specific ORR activities (per unit surface area) increased monotonically as the edge length increased from 6 to 12 nm. However, the mass activities (per unit mass of Pt) of these Pt–Ni octahedra showed a maximum value at an edge length of 9 nm. The specific and mass activities for the Pt–Ni octahedra with an edge length of 9 nm but different compositions both showed peak values at a Pt/Ni atomic ratio of 2.4.

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