A review.Production is β-Lactamase the major mechanism of resistance to β-lactams in Gram-neg. bacteria.In recent years, resistance due to production of β-lactamases has been increasing at on alarming rate.It refers mostly to extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) that are the main problem in microorganisms of the family Enterobacteriaceae, conferring resistance to all penicillins, cephalosporins (except for cephamycins) and monobactams.Acquired cephalosporinases of the AmpC type also have become a significant factor of enterobacterial resistance to newer generation of β-lactams.The effect of AmpCs is largely strengthened by this mutational over expression in such pathogens as Enterobacter spp. or Citrobacterfreundii.β-Lactamase-mediated resistance to carbapenems in the members of the family Enterobacteriaceae has become a matter of highest concern over the last decade.It has been associated with various carbapenem-hydrolyzing enzymes, including the so-called KPC, MBL or OXA-48 types.Antimicrobial resistance in bacteria has been a key issue in public health, requiring constant monitoring at the hospital, country and global level.

Annales Academiae Medicae Silesiensis

Study of the effect of Selol on the expression of genes encoding membrane transporters and drug metabolism enzymes in sensitive and resistant tumor cells

Author: Ksiazek, Iza ; Dudkiewicz Wilczynska, Jadwiga ; Nowak, Karolina ; Grabowska, Agnieszka ; Anuszewska, Elzbieta

The objective of this study was to demonstrate differences in the gene expression of human cervical cancer cells (HeLa) and vinblastine-resistant KB-V1 subline treated with doxorubicin alone and combination of Selol 5% and doxorubicin.Ongoing studies seek to clarify the mechanism of action of Selol in different types of cancer cells, including those which show multidrug resistance.Cells treatment with the tested compounds in the group of genes tested in HeLa cells causes other changes than in KB-V1 cells.In the resistant cells, exposure to Selol 5% and doxorubicin, released the cytotoxic effects by changing the expression of ABCC2 and BCL2L1 genes.The observed dependence also allows better understanding the mol. mechanisms of resistance in the KB-V1 cell line.

Postepy Mikrobiologii

Enterococcal surface proteins responsible for interactions with host tissues

Author: Hryniewicz, Waleria ; Strzelecki, Janusz ; Sadowy, Ewa

A review.In the last two decades enterococci have become important nosocomial pathogens.Increasing multidrug resistance of these bacteria emphasizes the need of effective therapy and immunoprophylaxis.The bacterial factors that are implicated in colonization of host tissue surfaces and initiating symptomatic infections are considered to be of particular importance in this area.Among these factors, the class of surface proteins with the LPXTG structural motif is the most extensively studied.The recognition of the motif, specific for Gram-pos. bacteria, by transpeptidases called sortases and subsequent cleavage leads to covalent attachment of a surface protein to the cell-wall peptidoglycan.This review focuses on recent advances in the characterization of this type of proteins in enterococci, such as aggregation substance (AS), enterococcal surface protein (Esp), microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix mols. (MSRAMMs) and pili.

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