1Aloha Medicinals Inc., Maui, Hawaii, USA; 2Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology, Th e Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, R.P. China; 3Department of Optometry & Radiography, Th e Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, R.P. China; 4Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, R.P. China; 5Department of Biology, Augustana University College, Camrose, Alberta, Canada