A review.Since the early 1960's, marine organisms have provided natural products chemists with a rich source of novel and very diverse metabolites with unprecedented chem. structures.Over the last few decades, significant effort has been placed on the pharmacol. evaluation of marine secondary metabolites.This scientific endeavour, which is often referred to as the search for "Drugs from the Sea", has lead to the discovery of numerous anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial compounds, several of which are currently in clin. trials.In the present review, we discuss the potential of marine natural products as pharmacophores for the inhibition of the nuclear factor-κB which has recently been recognized as an important mol. target in both anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory drug discovery.In particular, we focus on marine natural products with lactone moieties, which cover a third of all the currently known NF-κB inhibitors of marine origin.Abbreviations: COX-2, cyclooxygenase-2; IκB, inhibitor of NF-κB; JNK, Jun N-terminal kinase; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; N.A., not available; NEMO, NF-κB essential modulator; IKK, kinase of IκB; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase; IL, interleukin; NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB; PKC, protein kinase C; PLA2, phospholipase A2; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α.