State University of New York College at Brockport

Commutability assessment of a certified reference material (CRM) intended for use as a secondary calibrator should be performed by the CRM producer at the time the material is originally prepared. Assessment typically includes several in-vitro diagnostic (IVD) measurement procedures (MPs) in common use in medical laboratories. Due to logistical constraints, it is usually not possible to include all existing IVD-MPs in a commutability assessment. In addition, a new IVD-MP (IVD-MP_n) may be introduced into the market after a commutability assessment was performed for a given CRM. Here we provide a recommendation how to assess commutability of an existing CRM for use with an IVD-MP_n that was not included in the original commutability assessment. The study design follows the same principles as a full commutability assessment, but it includes only the IVD-MP_n and fewer additional comparator MP(s) for which the CRM's commutability with clinical samples was previously demonstrated. When no reference measurement procedure (RMP) is available, or when the logistics make an RMP difficult to use, other IVD-MP(s) that were part of the original commutability assessment for the CRM should be used as comparator MP(s). When selecting a comparator IVD-MP, its performance must be carefully considered and its selectivity for the measurand should be equivalent to that of the IVD-MP_n. The CRM should have had negligible noncommutability bias with the comparator IVD-MP in the original commutability assessment. When the existing CRM meets the commutability criterion for IVD-MP_n, the CRM can be used in the calibration hierarchy of the IVD-MP_n.

A recent review of the evidence suggests that berry consumption may have an effect in reducing cardiovascular disease risk.

To assess the nutritional impact of replacing a serving of commonly consumed fruit with a serving of berries in the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Dietary Patterns: Healthy US-Style (HUS), Healthy Mediterranean-Style (HMS), and Healthy Vegetarian (HV).

Using the USDA's food pattern modeling approach, three 7-day replacement menus were developed for the HUS, HMS, and HV patterns at the 2000-calorie level. The menus included one serving of mixed berries replacing one serving of commonly consumed fruits (apples, bananas, or grapes) while meeting recommendations for other food groups. A total of 2 servings of fruit per day were used in the menus. Nutrient and anthocyanin analyses were conducted on the 7-day menus using ESHA Food Processor: 11.14.x software and the USDA Database for Flavonoid Content of Selected Foods, Release 3.3.

Replacing a serving of commonly consumed fruit with a serving of berries per day in the 2000 calorie USDA Dietary Patterns resulted in an increase of anthocyanins by 93.8%, with a ≤ 2.0% increase or decrease in calories, macronutrients, fatty acids, and cholesterol. Dietary fiber increased by 4.7% in the HUS and 5.1% in the HMS USDA Dietary Patterns with minimal increases (< 1.5%) in the HV USDA Dietary Patterns. Soluble fiber increased by 10.1%, 5.3%, and 10.2% in the HUS, HMS, and HV USDA Dietary Patterns, respectively. Vitamin C increased by 16% in the HUS, 13.9% in the HMS, and 11.9% in the HV USDA Dietary Patterns.

The addition of berries to the USDA Dietary Patterns increased beneficial dietary components and nutrients with minimal change in calories, macronutrients, fatty acids, and cholesterol.

The Muscularity-Oriented Eating Test (MOET) was developed to measure muscularity-oriented eating pathology among young men; however, this construct is relevant across sexes and may be particularly applicable to athletes. Thus, this study sought to validate the MOET among male and female athletes and non-athletes.

Students (N = 2189) from three U.S. universities completed an online survey. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) testing two MOET versions (12-items, 15-items) were conducted in male and female athletes and non-athletes. Chi-squared tests and invariance analyses were used to evaluate the fit of each model across groups. Convergent validity of the MOET was assessed with Spearman correlation tests.

A one-factor CFA displayed adequate fit for 12-item and 15-item versions across all groups, except the 15-item version in the full sample. Chi-squared tests indicated superior fit of 12-item MOET CFAs among male and female athletes, female non-athletes, and all participants compared to 15-item models (adjusted p < .050); no difference in fit was evidenced between 12-item and 15-item CFAs for male non-athletes (adjusted p = .062). Both versions showed similar convergent validity.

A 12-item MOET may provide improved screening for muscularity-oriented eating pathology in male and female athletes and female non-athletes.